Cell Respiration

1. Cell Respiration G A S G A S

2. PLANTS Use photosynthesis to produce their own foods ANIMALS Depends on the nutrients they get by eating other living things

3. PLANTS Light energy CO2 Water Light-dependent & Light-independent Reactions FOOD O2 PLANTS Use photosynthesis to produce their own foods ANIMALS Depends on the nutrients they get by eating other living things

4. ANIMALS FOODS (Carbs, Protein & Fats) Monomers (Monosaccharides, Amino acids, triglycerides) Mechanical & Chemical Digestion PLANTS Use photosynthesis to produce their own foods ANIMALS Depends on the nutrients they get by eating other living things

5. ANIMALS Carbohydrates – source of energy Proteins – synthesis of cytoplasm of each cell, bodily defenses, enzymes Lipids – stored and usable energy, cell membrane PLANTS Use photosynthesis to produce their own foods ANIMALS Depends on the nutrients they get by eating other living things

6. ANIMALS Carbohydrates – 4 Calories 380 ATPs Proteins – 4 Calories 380 ATPs Lipids – 8 Calories 760 ATPs PLANTS Use photosynthesis to produce their own foods ANIMALS Depends on the nutrients they get by eating other living things

7. Cell Respiration-an aerobic process of releasing energy from sugars to make ATP. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy

8. ATP Synthetase ATP-ase

9. ATP- a molecule that temporarily stores chemical energy and transfers it to cell processes (and bodily movement at large.) Adenosine Triphosphate

10. ATP- a molecule that temporarily stores chemical energy and transfers it to cell processes (and bodily movement at large.) Adenosine Triphosphate

11. Cell Respiration Stages: Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle Electron Transport Chain

12. Cell Respiration Stages: Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into two pyruvic acids (3-carbon compound) through hydrolysis. During this process 2 ATPs are used up. Glycolysis NAD NAD H H

13. Glycolysis Cell Respiration ADPs re-enters the process and takes the energy that binds the phosphates to the 3 C molecule as well as the phosphates to remake ATPs. PYRUVATE PYRUVATE

14. Glycolysis Cell Respiration Glycolysis requires no oxygen for it to occur (anaerobic). This hydrolysis of glucose takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.

15. Glycolysis Cell Respiration Glycolysis requires no oxygen for it to occur (anaerobic). This hydrolysis of glucose takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.

16. Glycolysis Cell Respiration ____ (1-4) what molecules are needed in glycolysis? ____ (5) how many (net) ATPs are formed? ____ (6-7)what other molecules aside from ATP was produced in glycolysis? ____ (8) where does glycolysis take place? ____ (9) what type of metabolism is glycolysis? ____ (10) Glyco means glucose/glycogen while lysis means ______.

17. Glycolysis Cell Respiration ____ Molecules, with one phosphate each, are formed ____ Phosphates from ATPs are transferred to the glucose molecule ____ Pyruvate is formed ____ 4 ADPs gets the phosphate from the two molecules with 3 carbons ____ 2 NAD is converted to NADH ____ 2 phosphates joins this molecule

18. Cell Respiration Stages: Citric Acid Cycle is an aerobic series of chemical reactions occurring within the cell, responsible for the final breakdown of food molecules to form carbon dioxide, water, and energy. CO2 CO2 PYRUVATE PYRUVATE Kreb’s Cycle (acetyl-CoA) (acetyl-CoA) NAD NAD H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

19. Kreb’s Cycle Cell Respiration Citric Acid Cycle is an aerobic series of chemical reactions occurring within the cell, responsible for the final breakdown of food molecules to form carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

20. Kreb’s Cycle Cell Respiration

21. Kreb’s Cycle Cell Respiration These carbon dioxides will exit our body through respiration

22. Cell Respiration Stages: Electron Transport Chain refers to a series of oxidation processes where electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are transferred to electron acceptors. This occurs along the inner membrane of each mitochondrion. Electron Transport Chain

24. Electron Transport Chain Cell Respiration Normally, molecules move from higher concentration of solutes to lower concentration.

25. + = SOLUTION SOLVENT SOLUTE SOLUTION

26. higher concentration of solutes lower concentration of solutes (lower water concentration) (higher water concentration) CONCENTRATION

27. Electron Transport Chain Cell Respiration Normally, molecules move from higher concentration of solutes to lower concentration.

28. Electron Transport Chain Cell Respiration Along the inner membrane of mitochondria are embedded proteins. As with electron transport chain in photosynthesis, proteins make up the electron transport chain in cellular respiration.

29. Electron Transport Chain Cell Respiration Along the inner membrane of mitochondria are embedded proteins. As with electron transport chain in photosynthesis, proteins make up the electron transport chain in cellular respiration.

30. Electron Transport Chain Cell Respiration Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to the proteins embedded in the inner membrane. These electrons will be transferred from one protein to another and eventually pumping in the hydrogen from the intermembrane space to the inside of the inner membrane.

31. Electron Transport Chain Cell Respiration This is a carrier protein that once energized by some electrons from NADH and FADH2 will make an action that allows hydrogen to move into the matrix (inside the inner membrane)

32. Electron Transport Chain Cell Respiration Matrix (inside the inner membrane) Hydrogen ions will build up on the inside of the mitochondrial membrane. These high concentration of hydrogen will cause some of it to find a way out—through the ATP synthase Inter-membrane space

33. Electron Transport Chain Cell Respiration Inter-membrane space Hydrogen ions will build up on the inside of the mitochondrial membrane. These high concentration of hydrogen will cause some of it to find a way out—through the ATP synthase ADP + Pi Matrix (inside the inner membrane)

34. Electron Transport Chain Cell Respiration Oxygen picks up electrons and hydrogen ions to form water. These water molecules are given off as waste products.