Chapter Challenge Presentation

1. Chapter Challenge Presentation Driving Safe Kazuya Tanigami and Anastasios Aktipis

2. What is reaction time? Why is it important to driving? • The reaction time is the time for the human brain to read information and then for the body to react to the situation. • While driving, reaction time is the key to avoid collisions. If a person has a slow reaction time, that person has a high risk of getting involved in an accident. • If a person doesn’t react to a situation fast enough and cannot decide what to do, they will hit someone, that is why it is important to have a fast reaction time to be a safe driver.

3. How distractions affect reaction time. • The reaction time can slow by distraction. The distraction can increase the possibility of having an accident by slowing the reaction time of people. Such as: • -Listening to music-Talking with people​-Putting make up on-Eating -Drinking -looking behind -Sneezing-Texting-Changing CD or Radio station

4. Driving under an influence Also alcohol and drugs can distract people and slow down reaction time. So every state in the United States has a law prohibiting driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs. This is why we will not let ourselves get distracted while driving. To drive safely, people should not do activities that distract their driving in order to keep a fast reaction time to avoid any type of collision.

5. Conclusion We are now aware that there are many different factors that affect the way we drive, they are called distractions. It is very easy to be distracted while driving. We know that these distraction affect our reaction time because we have experimented it. By using the ruler method while being distracted, we have noticed that our reaction times were a lot slower than without any distractions. This made us understand that if we distract ourselves while driving, our reaction time will be slower, and we will have less time to avoid an on-coming collision. This is why we will not let ourselves get distracted while driving.

6. What is tailgating, and how to prevent it. Following vehicle too closely is called tailgating. It is an aggressive driving behavior that is easily mistaken for road rage, and it can easily cause a collision. To drive safely, you should keep sufficient following distance with the car in front of you so that if they stop, you will have enough time to react to it and avoid any sort of collision. It changes by the speed of automobile, the weather condition, distraction etc. http://www.smartmotorist.com/traffic-and-safety-guideline/maintain-a-safe-following-distance-the-3-second-rule.html

7. The relationship between reaction distance,braking distance, and total stopping distance. • Braking Distance: "Braking distance" is the distance yourcar travels after the car brakes have been applied. • Reaction Distance: "Reaction distance"is the distance a vehicle travels between the time the driver perceives the situation and the time the body initiates applying the brakes. • Stopping Distance: "stopping distance" takes into account the distance you travel before you hit the car brake system (reaction distance) plus the distance you travel while the brakes slow you down (braking distance). It isimportant for us to adapt our speed to the speed of the car in front of us and keep distance the two car, because the faster our car goes, the more distance it will take to come to a stop. http://www.csgnetwork.com/stopdistinfo.html

8. Conclusion We have used different methods to calculate our reaction times (Stopwatch method, ruler method...), and are aware now that it takes time for the human brain to read information and then for the body to react to it. That is why when we will drive, we will keep a sufficient following distance with the car in front of us so that if they stop, we will have enough time to react to it and avoid a collision.

9. Friction, Speed and Radius of a turn • When a car makes a turn, the force of friction between the tires and the road causes the automobile to move in a circular motion. This force is called centripetal force. • Its direction is always toward the center of the circle, and the amount of force applied would change by the mass and speed of the automobile, and by the radius of the curve.

10. Centripetal Force Here is an example of Centripetal force. In this example, a man holds a string with a ball at the end of it and sits on a spinning chair. As the man spins, the ball tries to go strait but is constantly pulled back in towards the center by the Centripetal Force

11. Yellow light intersection • At every intersection, there is a GO Zone and a STOP Zone. The GO Zone is the zone in which it is safe for the driver to go through the yellow light. The STOP Zone is the zone in which it is unsafe to go through the yellow light. • GO Zone can be solved by the equation: (Velocity . Yellow light time) – Width of intersection • Stop Zone can be solved by the equation: (Velocity . Reaction time)+Velocity2 2 Negative acceleration • There is also a Dilemma Zone which is the zone in which a car can’t do either, and an Overlap Zone which is the one in which a car can do both. • Dilemma and Overlap Zone can be solved by the equation: Go Zone – Stop Zone If the result becomes <0, it would be the Dilemma Zone If the result becomes >0, it would be the Overlap Zone

12. Why you have to slow down at the intersection • When approaching an intersection, the car should slow down. It is common sense, but this can be proved by scientifically. • As known from the equations, velocity is very important factor, because velocity affects both GO and STOP Zone. • Dilemma Zone is the difference between GO Zone and STOP Zone. From the graph, as the velocity gets larger, Dilemma Zone also increase, which means gets more dangerous. • In conclusion, you have to slow down when approaching an intersection to reduce the Dilemma Zone. The graph shows the relationship among velocity and GO and STOP Zone.

13. Conclusion We now know that velocity plays a big role in everything we do in driving because we are always in constant motion. We have learned how to calculate the velocity at which we are traveling so that we are always aware of our speed and never go over the speed limit. But this is not only important to avoid going over the speed limit, it is also important for us to adapt our speed to the situation. The faster our car goes, the more distance it will take to come to a stop, and if we stop too late we might end up in the middle of the road during a red light. That is why we will always watch our speed and never go over the speed limit. We have also learned how to read velocity using the SI System, which is the Universal measurement unit, therefore we are able to drive anywhere in the world.