Chapter Presentation

1. Resources Bellringers Chapter Presentation Transparencies Standardized Test Prep Image and Math Focus Bank CNN Videos Visual Concepts

2. Chapter 2 The Properties of Matter Table of Contents Section 1What Is Matter? Section 2Physical Properties Section 3Chemical Properties

3. Chapter 2 Section 1What Is Matter? Bellringer What do you think some of the ingredients or components are for the following items: a loaf of bread, a textbook, and a bicycle. Write your response in your science journal. What is Matter?

4. Chapter 2 Section 1What Is Matter? Objectives • Describe the two properties of all matter. • Identify the units used to measure volume and mass. • Compare mass and weight. • Explain the relationship between mass and inertia.

5. Chapter 2 Section 1What Is Matter? Matter • What Is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. • Matter in the Universe Everything in the universe that you can see is made up of some type of matter.

6. Chapter 2 Section 1What Is Matter? Matter Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept

7. Chapter 2 Section 1What Is Matter? Matter and Volume • Liquid Volume Liters (L) and milliliters (mL) are the units used most often to express the volume of liquids. • Measuring the Volume of Liquids The next slide shows how to measure the volume of liquids.

8. Chapter 2 Section 1What Is Matter? Measuring the Volume of Liquids Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept

9. Chapter 2 Section 1What Is Matter? Matter and Volume, continued • Volume of a Regularly Shaped Solid Object To find the volume of a regularly shaped solid object use the following equation: Volume = length  width  height • Volume of an Irregularly Shaped Solid Object You can find the volume of an irregularly shaped object by measuring the volume of water that the object displaces.

10. Chapter 2 Section 1What Is Matter?

11. Chapter 2 Section 1What Is Matter? Matter and Mass • The Difference Between Mass and Weight Weight is the measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object. The more mass an object has, the greater the gravitational force on the object and the greater the object’s weight. • Measuring Mass and Weight The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). Weight is a measure of gravitational force and is expressed in the SI unit of force, the newton (N).

12. Chapter 2 Section 1What Is Matter?

13. Chapter 2 Section 1What Is Matter? Inertia • What Is Inertia? Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. • Mass: The Measure of InertiaAn object that has a large mass is harder to move and harder to stop than an object that has less mass. The reason is that the object with the large mass has greater inertia.

14. Chapter 2 Section 2Physical Properties Bellringer If you were asked to describe an orange to someone who had never seen an orange, what would you tell the person? Write your response in yourscience journal.

15. Chapter 2 Section 2Physical Properties Objectives • Identify six examples of physical properties of matter. • Describe how density is used to identify substances. • List six examples of physical changes. • Explain what happens to matter during a physical change.

16. Chapter 2 Section 2Physical Properties Physical Properties • What Are Physical Properties? A physical property of matter can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity.

17. Chapter 2 Section 2Physical Properties

18. Chapter 2 Section 2Physical Properties Physical Properties, continued • Identifying Matter You use physical properties to identify matter. • Density Density is the amount of matter in a given space, or volume. The two balls below have different densities.

19. Chapter 2 Section 2Physical Properties Physical Properties, continued • Liquid Layers The graduated cylinder below contains six liquids. Each liquid is a different density so the liquids form layers. • Density of Solids Knowing thedensity of a substance can alsotell you what kind ofsubstance it is.

20. Chapter 2 Section 2Physical Properties Physical Properties, continued • Solving for Density To find an objects density (D), first measure its mass (m) and volume (V). Then use the following equation: D = m/V

21. Chapter 2 Section 2Physical Properties Physical Properties, continued • Using Density to Identify Substances Look at the table below to compare densities of several common substances.

22. Chapter 2 Section 2Physical Properties

23. Chapter 2 Section 2Physical Properties Physical Changes Do Not Form New Substances • Examples of Physical Changes Some examples of physical changes are shown below.

24. Chapter 2 Section 2Physical Properties Physical Changes Do Not Form New Substances, continued • Matter and Physical ChangesPhysical changes do not change the identity of the matter involved.

25. Chapter 2 Section 3Chemical Properties Bellringer Look at the picture of the car on the next slide. Describe where you have seen other examples of rusting. Write your response in your science journal.

26. Chapter 2 Section 3Chemical Properties

27. Chapter 2 Section 3Chemical Properties Objectives • Describe two examples of chemical properties. • Explain what happens during a chemical change. • Distinguish between physical and chemical changes.

28. Chapter 2 Section 3Chemical Properties Chemical Properties • Comparing Physical and Chemical PropertiesYou can observe physical properties without changing the identity of the substance. Chemicals properties are more difficult to observe. • Characteristic Properties The properties that are most useful in identifying a substance are characteristic properties.

29. Chapter 2 Section 3Chemical Properties Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept

30. Chapter 2 Section 3Chemical Properties Chemical Changes and New Substances • What Happens During a Chemical Change?During a chemical change a substance changes chemical properties. • Signs of Chemical Changes Some common signs of chemical changes includes a change in color, odor, production of heat, fizzing, and so on. • Matter and Chemical Changes Chemical changes change the identity of the matter involved.

31. Chapter 2 Section 3Chemical Properties

32. Chapter 2 Section 3Chemical Properties Physical Versus Chemical Changes • A Change in CompositionPhysical changes do not change the composition of a substance while chemical changes do. • Reversing Changes Many physical changes are easily reversed, but most chemical changes cannot easily be reversed.

33. Chapter 2 Section 3Chemical Properties Comparing Physical and Chemical Changes Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept

34. Chapter 2 The Properties of Matter Concept Map Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.

35. Chapter 2 The Properties of Matter

36. Chapter 2 The Properties of Matter

37. End of Chapter 2 Show

38. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 2 Reading Read each of the passages. Then, answer the questions that follow each passage.

39. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 2 Passage 1Astronomers were studying the motions of galaxies in space when they noticed something odd. They thought that the large gravitational force, which causes the galaxies to rotate rapidly, was due to a large amount of mass in the galaxies. Then, they discovered that the mass of the galaxies was not great enough to explain this large gravitational force. So, what was causing the additional gravitational force? One theory is that the universe contains matter that we cannot see with our eyes or our telescopes. Astronomers call this invisible matter dark matter.

40. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 2 1. According to this passage, what did astronomers originally think caused the rotation of the galaxies? Aa lack of inertia Ba large gravitational force Ca small amount of mass in the galaxies Da small gravitational force

41. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 2 1. According to this passage, what did astronomers originally think caused the rotation of the galaxies? Aa lack of inertia Ba large gravitational force Ca small amount of mass in the galaxies Da small gravitational force

42. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 2 2. Why do you think astronomers use the term dark matter? FDark matter refers to dark objects. GDark matter refers to matter that we can’t see. HYou need a telescope to see dark matter. IAll large objects are dark.

43. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 2 2. Why do you think astronomers use the term dark matter? FDark matter refers to dark objects. GDark matter refers to matter that we can’t see. HYou need a telescope to see dark matter. IAll large objects are dark.

44. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 2 3. Which statement is the best summary of the passage? AThe enormous amount of mass in the galaxies explains why the galaxies rotate. BDark matter may be responsible for the gravitational force that causes the rotation of galaxies. CInvisible matter is called dark matter. DGalaxies rotate as they move through the universe.

45. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 2 3. Which statement is the best summary of the passage? AThe enormous amount of mass in the galaxies explains why the galaxies rotate. BDark matter may be responsible for the gravitational force that causes the rotation of galaxies. CInvisible matter is called dark matter. DGalaxies rotate as they move through the universe.

46. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 2 Passage 2Blimps and dirigibles are types of airships. An airship consists of an engine, a large balloon that contains gas, and a gondola that carries passengers and crew. Airships float in air because the gases that the airships contain are less dense than air. In the early 1900s, airships were commonly used for travel, including transatlantic flights. Airships were less frequently used after the 1937 explosion and crash of the Hindenburg in New Jersey. The Hindenburg was filled with flammable hydrogen gas instead of helium gas, which is nonflammable.

47. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 2 1. In this passage, what does flammable mean? Aable to burn Bable to float Cable to sink Dnot able to burn

48. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 2 1. In this passage, what does flammable mean? Aable to burn Bable to float Cable to sink Dnot able to burn

49. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 2 2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? FHydrogen gas is nonflammable. GAirships float because they contain gases that are less dense than air. HHelium gas was used in the Hindenburg. IThe gondola contains gas.

50. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 2 2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? FHydrogen gas is nonflammable. GAirships float because they contain gases that are less dense than air. HHelium gas was used in the Hindenburg. IThe gondola contains gas.