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Today: Review (and a couple other things)

Today: Review (and a couple other things). (Important info… you must memorize start and stop codons.). Lab Project Drafts. Lab Project Draft: Returned on Thursday After Exam 3 Group/Individual Consultations: Monday Apr. 15 th Tuesday Apr. 16 th. REVIEW: What are the big ideas from Unit 3?.

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Today: Review (and a couple other things)

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  1. Today: Review(and a couple other things) (Important info… you must memorize start and stop codons.)

  2. Lab Project Drafts Lab Project Draft: Returned on Thursday After Exam 3 Group/Individual Consultations: Monday Apr. 15th Tuesday Apr. 16th

  3. REVIEW:What are the big ideas from Unit 3? • DNA/RNA Structure • DNA Replication • Transcription • Post-Transcript Processing • Translation • Mutation • Regulation of Gene Expression

  4. DNA/RNA Structure

  5. DNA Replication

  6. Transcription

  7. Transcription 2 AAUAAA

  8. Fig. 17-10 Post-Transcription Processing Exon Exon Intron 5 Exon Intron 3 Pre-mRNA Poly-A tail 5 Cap 146 31 104 1 105 30 Introns cut out and exons spliced together Coding segment mRNA 5 Cap Poly-A tail 1 146 5 UTR 3 UTR

  9. Translation • Initiation • Elongation • Termination

  10. Elongation

  11. Termination

  12. Mutation • Insertion/Deletion/Substitution • Frameshift • Nonsense/Missense/Silent

  13. Regulation of Gene Expression

  14. Regulation of Gene Expression

  15. Miscellaneous • PCR • Sanger Sequencing

  16. Question-Based Review (White Boards)

  17. DNA/RNA Structure 1: Draw one rung of a DNA helix (sugar molecule + phosphate must be correct)

  18. DNA/RNA Structure 2: Draw the general structure of a DNA molecule.(Use circles and boxes to represent different molecules)

  19. DNA Replication 1: What are the names and functions of six enzymes involved in DNA replication?

  20. DNA Replication 2: Okazaki fragments could not become fully integrated into a DNA strand if ________ was missing.

  21. Transcription 1: What enzyme(s) and protein(s) are required in prokaryotic transcription? What enzyme(s) and protein(s) are required in eukaryotic transcription?

  22. Transcription 2: How does transcription factors (or sigma) and RNA polymerase know where to start and terminate transcription in • Prokaryotes • Eukaroytes

  23. Translation 1: Draw and label a ribosome.

  24. Translation 2: What is a charged tRNA molecule? What is its relation to aminoacyltRNAsynthetase?

  25. Mutation 1: What is a mutation?

  26. Mutation 2: When a mutation occurs, what are three types of changes that can occur to a nucleotide sequence?

  27. Regulation of Gene Expression 1: Describe positive and negative control of gene expression in prokaryotes as they relate to the lac operon.

  28. Regulation of Gene Expression 2: Describe how catabolite activator proteins and cAMP affect fur coloration in beach mice.

  29. DNA/RNA Structure 3: Which bases are purines and which are pyrimidines; what are the correct base pairings (including # of H bonds)

  30. DNA/RNA Structure 4: What are two structural differences between DNA and RNA?

  31. DNA Replication 3: What is the difference between a DNA primer and an RNA primer? In what processes is each used?

  32. DNA Replication 4: What is one difference between DNA replication in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes?

  33. Transcription 3: Write out a short segment of DNA (6bp). Identify the template and non-template strands. What will the RNA from this segment look like?

  34. Transcript Processing 4: What modifications are made to the primary RNA transcript in eukaryotes?

  35. Translation 3: What are the three major phases of translation? Describe the steps involved in each.

  36. Translation 4: What is the difference between a signal peptide and a signal recognition particle?

  37. Mutation 3: What are three things that can happen to an amino acid sequence as a result of a mutation?

  38. Mutation 4: What polypeptide is created from the following DNA sequence? 5’-ACCGAGTTTCTG-3’ 3’-TGGCTCAAAGAC-5’

  39. Regulation of Gene Expression 3: What is an gene enhancer. Where would you find gene enhancers relative to a eukaryotic gene.

  40. Regulation of Gene Expression 4: Why is it that lens cells and liver cells create different sets of proteins?

  41. DNA/RNA Structure 5: What are three kinds of RNA; what are their functions?

  42. DNA Replication 5: Theoretically, if you wanted to convert an mRNA strand into DNA, how would you propose that it could be done? (I.e. what are the structural differences)

  43. DNA Replication 6: What are the three stages of a polymerase chain reaction? What happens at each stage?

  44. DNA Replication 7: Describe Sanger Sequencing in 3-5 steps.

  45. Transcript Processing 5: What does spliceosome do? What is it made of?

  46. Transcription 6: Which would be more likely to result in an effective protein: • the insertion of a prokaryotic gene into a eukaryotic genome • the insertion of a eukaryotic gene into a prokaryotic genome? Explain your logic.

  47. Translation 5: How is evolution related to errors made during translation?

  48. Translation 6: Something has gone terribly wrong in your lab work! One of your team members has contracted a virus and this virus has mutated and has been transferred to your bacteria colonies. This new mutated virus strain destroys the 16S rRNA gene in bacteria. What effect will this have on bacteria?

  49. Mutation 5: How do errors in DNA replication relate to the process of evolution?

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