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Chapter 11 The Age of Imperialism

Chapter 11 The Age of Imperialism. 1850-1914. Section 3 Europeans Claim Muslim Land. Europeans Grab Territory Russia and the Crimean War Access to sea trade routes focuses attention on Ottoman lands Crimean War is an example of geopolitics

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Chapter 11 The Age of Imperialism

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  1. Chapter 11 The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914

  2. Section 3Europeans Claim Muslim Land • Europeans Grab Territory • Russia and the Crimean War • Access to sea trade routes focuses attention on Ottoman lands • Crimean War is an example of geopolitics • RUS attacks Ottomans in 1853 to gain warm-water port & access to Mediterranean Sea • Brit & FR join in to stop RUS expansion • RUS loses, but Ottomans are shown to be weak; still lose land b/c of rebellions • By 1914 Ottoman Empire declined to 1/3 of its greatest size • Egypt Initiates Reforms • Military and Economic Reforms • Muhammad Ali breaks away from Ottoman control and rules Egypt • Begins series of reforms in military and economy • modernizes to keep out Euro control • Shifts Egypt agriculture from food crops to cash crops (similar to Euro colonial policies) Geopolitics: taking land for its strategic location or products

  3. Exploit: to take advantage of • The Suez Canal • Egypt builds Suez Canal • Modernization creates huge debt • Brits take over financial control of canal, occupy Egypt in 1882 • Persia Pressured to Change • The exploitation of Persia • Rus wants access to Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean • Brit wants Persian oil and Afghanistan • Persia gives in to Western businesses • Battle over Tobacco • Persian ruler agrees to allow Brit to export tobacco • Persians boycott tobacco, leads to riots • 1907, Rus and Brit seize and divide Persia between them as spheres of influence

  4. Group WorkCritical Thinking QuestionsIn groups of 4, work together to answer the following questions: • What part did internal corruption play in the decline of Ottoman power? • Why did the discovery of oil in Persia increase the value of Ottoman territory? • In what way were the RUS, BR, and FR motivations in the Crimean War similar? • How was Muhammad Ali’s promotion of cotton production similar to Euro imperialists’ actions in AFR? • Why was the completion of the Suez Canal cause for international celebration? • What advantages did granting business concessions to Western countries offer Persia? • How did Persia’s granting of concessions eventually lead to its takeover by BR & RUS?

  5. Critical Thinking Answers • It led to a weakened economy and technological stagnation. • The oil had to pass through Ottoman land to Europe. • They all wanted to control Ottoman territory • Both substituted production of cash crops for food crops • It greatly decreased the time needed to travel from Euro to East AFR and Asia • Income, development of their resources, and participation in world events • Concessions allowed Western countries to establish an economic foothold in Persia, which they exploited when the Persian gov’t lost control of the country.

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