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JASSER AUDA’S P ROPOSED CLASSIFICATION

JASSER AUDA’S P ROPOSED CLASSIFICATION. * Levels of Authority , Human Experience & Revelation Levels of Authority. Traditionally, evidences/arguments are always divided between two categories, sound (hujjah) and unsound (batil).

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JASSER AUDA’S P ROPOSED CLASSIFICATION

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  1. JASSER AUDA’S PROPOSED CLASSIFICATION • *Levels of Authority, Human Experience & Revelation • Levels of Authority • Traditionally, evidences/arguments are always divided between two categories, sound (hujjah) and unsound (batil). • Supporting evidence (isti’nas) is an intermediate level of hujjiyah that appears in a few rulings. M Amin Abdullah

  2. Ta’wil is a level of hujjiyyah between hujjah and isti’nas. • Fihi shai is a minor criticism between istinas and butlan. M Amin Abdullah

  3. Five additional levels of ‘authority’ between ‘proff and ‘void’. • A multi-valued spectrum of hujjiyyah, from ‘proof to ‘void’. M Amin Abdullah

  4. Human Experience & Revelation. M Amin Abdullah

  5. Current ‘Tendencies’ in Islamic Law. Traditionalism Modernism Postmodernism M Amin Abdullah

  6. C1. Tradisionalism Scholastic Traditionalism Scholastic Neo- Traditionalism Neo-Literalism Neo-Literalism Ideology-oriented theories Traditionalism M Amin Abdullah

  7. C2. Modernism tendency in terms of its contributing streams. Maslahah Oriented Theory Apologetic Re- Interpretation Reformist Re-interpretation ‘Science’ oriented interpretations Usul revisionism Modernism M Amin Abdullah

  8. C3. Postmodernism tendency in terms of its contributing streams. Neo Rationalism Secularism Postmodernism M Amin Abdullah

  9. 3 TYPES OF CONTEMPORARY OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT • Traditional • Modern • Postmodern M Amin Abdullah

  10. Traditional • Scholastic Traditionalism • Scholastic Neo-Traditionalism • Neo-Literalism • Ideology-Oriented Theories • Modern • Reformist Reinterpretation • Apologetic Reinterpretation • Dialogue-Oriented Reinterpretation/Science-Oriented Re-Interpretation • Interest-Oriented Theories • Usul Revision Beberapa Kecenderungan dalam masing-masing Corak Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer: M Amin Abdullah

  11. Postmodern • Post-structuralism • Historicism • Critical-Legal Studies (CLS) • Post-Colonialism • Neo-Rationalism • Anti-Rationalism • Secularism M Amin Abdullah

  12. HISTORICALAPPROACH : CONTINUITY & CHANGE HISTORICAL APPROACH (Origin, Change & Development) • M. Sahrur • HasanHanafi • Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid • EbrahimMoosa • FaridEsack • Abd. KarimSorus • Era Post Modernits • (5 Varian) CONTINUITY AND CHANGE Al-Muhafadzah ala al-Qadim al-Salih wa al-Akhdzu bi al-Jadid al-Aslah • Era Modernitas • (5 Varian) • M. Abduh • alTabattab’i • Yusuf al-Qardhawi • IbnAshur • al-Sadr • Era Tradisional • (4 Varian) • Al-Juwaini • Al-Ghazali • Al-Syatibi • IzzuddinAbd. Salam M Amin Abdullah

  13. Te The relationship betweensyari’ah, fiqh, ‘urfandqanunThe first stage ( TRADITIONAL era) Shari’ah ‘Urf Qur’an Fiqh Qānūn Prophetic Tradition • Diagram illustrating the (traditional) relations between the concepts of shari’ah. fiqh, ‘urf, and qānūn. Notice the inclusion of fiqh with the Qur’an and the prophetic tradition ‘the revealed’. Sumber : Jasser Auda, Maqasid al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law : A System Approach, 2008 M Amin Abdullah

  14. The relationship betweenSyari’ah, Fiqh,Urf and QanunThe second stage ( MODERN era) ‘Urf Qur’an Revealed Shari’ah Fiqh Qānūn (a) (b) Prophetic Tradition (c) Fiqh and a section of the prophetic tradition are shifted from being expressions of the ‘revealed’ to being expressions of ‘human cognition of the revealed’. Sumber : Jasser Auda, Maqasid al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law : A System Approach, 2008 M Amin Abdullah

  15. The relationship betweenSyari’ah, Fiqh,Fakih and QanunThe third stage ( POSTMODERN Era) ‘Competent worlddview ‘ Via ‘sciences’ Qur’an Revealed Shari’ah Jurist (Fakih) Qānūn (a) (b) Prophetic Tradition Interests (Individual; group) (c) The jurist’s worldview’ is a prime factor in shaping fiqh. Sumber : Jasser Auda, Maqasid al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law : A System Approach, 2008 M Amin Abdullah

  16. Pendekatan Systems dalam Hukum Islam • 6 Fitur (Unit, Elemen, Komponen) yang Saling terkait (Integratif-Interkonektif) 1. COGNITIVE • Ibn Taimiyyah: Agama adalah Fi Zihn al-Faqih. • Manusia/Mujtahid yang mengorganisir, menyimpulkan dan menetapkan ketentuan hukum. • Fallibility of Knowledge. 2. WHOLENESS • Utuh, memahami al-Qur’an tidak sepotong-potong, tidak parsial. • Ada prinsip-prinsip dasar; ada nilai-nilai fundamental, selain jabaran nilai-nilai tersebut dalam alam praksis. • Fundamental Values seperti Indah, Adil, Kasih Sayang tidak dapat mengalahkan konflik-konflik sosial berdasar ras, kulit, agama sekalipun (Socio-Historical Problems). M Amin Abdullah

  17. 3. OPENNESS • Self-Renewal. • Philosophical Openness. • Living System & Interactive (Tidak Terisolasi). • Bukan Ghetto-minded. 4. INTERRELATEDNESS • Bukan hierarchy nilai, tetapi saling keterhubungan antar-nilai. bukan M Amin Abdullah

  18. 5. MULTIDIMENSIONALITY • Ada Spectrum of Certainty. • Bukan sekedar Binary Opposition tentang Qat’iy dan Dhanniy, tapi ada Spectrum of Certainty. • The Principle of Certainty yang didukung oleh bukti pendukung (the Principle of Evidentalism). • Ada Qath’iyyat al-Dalalah, ada Qath’iyyat al-Tsubut, ada Qath’iyyat al-Manthiqiy. M Amin Abdullah

  19. 6. PURPOSEFULNESS • PendekatanSystemsmelibatkan 6 elemen. Keenamelementersebutsalingterkait-berkaitkelindan, tidakterpisah-pisah. Namun common link nyaadapadaMaqasid (Purposefulness). • TeoriMaqasidbertemudenganstandar basis metodologi yang penting, yaituRationalitas, AsasManfaat, AsasKeadilan, danAsasMoralitas (Rationality, Utility, Justice dan Morality). • MengapateoriMaqasidtidakpopulerdilingkunganUsul al-Fiqhklasik/tradisional? Karenasaatitupolapikirnyamasihdipengaruhiolehpolapikir yang mengedepankankausalitas(‘illah) ala filsafatYunani. DilalahMaqsidnyatidakdimasukkandisitu/tidakdianggappenting .(Disebutdenganistilahiqtidla’,isyarah, mufassaratauilma’). • Akibatnyajenispembacaanlangsung (literal meaning) kepadanass (Syafi’i: Sariih; Hanafi: ‘Ibarah) diprioritaskan. JasserAuda, Maqasid al-Syari’ah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A System Approach, London: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2008 M Amin Abdullah

  20. System Approach (Integrated six entities) in philosophy of islamic law/studies 1.COGNITIVE 6. PURPOSEFULNESS CONTEMPORARYISLAMIC WORLDVIEW BASED ON SYSTEM APPROACH 5. MULTI-DIMENSIONALITY 2. WHOLENESS 4. INTER-RELATEDNESS 3. OPENNESS M Amin Abdullah

  21. DIRASAT ISLAMIYYAH/ISLAMIC STUDIESFROM HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ORIGIN CHANGE DEVELOPMENT M Amin Abdullah

  22. DIRASAT ISLAMIYYAH/ISLAMIC STUDIESFROM THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Post-Modern Modern CONTINUITY & CHANGE CONTINUITY & CHANGE Traditional M Amin Abdullah

  23. DIRASAT ISLAMIYYAH/ISLAMIC STUDIESFROM HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Dirasat Islamiyyah/ Islamic Studies Al-Fikr Al-Islamiy/ Islamic Thought CONTINUITY & CHANGE CONTINUITY & CHANGE Ulum Al-Din/ Islamic Religious Knowledge M Amin Abdullah

  24. The paradigm shift toward Contemporary Maqasid Theory M. Amin Abdullah 2 Juli 2011 M Amin Abdullah

  25. THE NEW PROPOSED CURRICULUMS IN SYARI’AH STUDIES/ ISLAMIC STUDIES SINGLE ENTITIES HADLARAH AL-NASH M Amin Abdullah

  26. ISOLATED ENTITIES HADLARAH AL-NASH HADLARAH AL-’ILM HADLARAH AL-FALSAFAH M Amin Abdullah

  27. INTEGRATED ENTITIES M Amin Abdullah

  28. TRANSFORMASI IAIN KE UIN Lapis Pertama (Konsep Dasar Keilmuan UIN Yogyakarta) QUR’AN & SUNNAH M Amin Abdullah

  29. Lapis Pertama & Lapis Kedua METHODOLOGY (AL-TARIQAH) APPROACHES (AL-MUQARABAH) Methodology (Al-Tariqah) & Approaches (Al-Muqarabah) adalah bentuk Human Intervention & Human Construction(Ijtihad Ulama’ & Cerdik Pandai) pada setiap jaman yang dilalui oleh Peradaban Islam. QUR’AN & SUNNAH (1) (2) M Amin Abdullah

  30. Lapis Pertama, Lapis Kedua & Lapis Ketiga • Layer (Lapisan) Kuning adalah Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman yang diproduksi pada era al-’Ashr al-Dzahabiy (Golden Age of Islamic Civilization) sekitar Abad IX-XI M. • Istilah “Tafaqquh fi al-Din” biasanya mengacu kepada era ini. Istilah “Kitab Kuning” sangat terkenal di dunia Muslim, khususnya Pesantren. FIQH TARIKH METHODOLOGY (AL-TARIQAH) APPROACHES (AL-MUQARABAH) TAFSIR HADITS QUR’AN & SUNNAH (1) TASAWUF LUGHAH (2) (3) FALSAFAH KALAM M Amin Abdullah

  31. Lapis Ke-empat PHILOLOGY ARCHEOLOGY • Dengan sedikit mereduksi, era sejarah peradaban Islam adalah dari Abad VII sampai dengan Abad XIV M. Kejatuhan Cordoba di Spanyol menandai peralihan sejarah peradaban. • Layer (Lapis) Biru adalah Peradaban Barat Abad XV—XX M. HERMENEUTICS FIQH ANTHROPOLOGYSOCIOLOGY TARIKH METHODOLOGY (AL-TARIQAH) APPROACHES (AL-MUQARABAH) TAFSIR PHYSICSCHEMISTRYBIOLOGY HADITS QUR’AN & SUNNAH HISTORY (1) TASAWUF (1) LUGHAH PHILOSOPHY (2) MATHEMATICS (3) KALAM FALSAFAH (4) PSYCHOLOGY ETHICS PHENOMENOLOGY M Amin Abdullah

  32. Lapis Ke-lima INTERNATIONALLAW RELIGIOUS PLURALISM PHILOLOGY ARCHEOLOGY • Layer (Lapis) Pink adalah fenomena masyarakat dunia dalam 150 tahun terakhir. • Layer (Lapis) Pink adalah era globalisasi (Borderless Society). ENVIRONTMENTAL ISSUES HERMENEUTICS FIQH GLOBALECONOMICS ANTHROPOLOGYSOCIOLOGY TARIKH METHODOLOGY (AL-TARIQAH) APPROACHES (AL-MUQARABAH) TAFSIR PHYSICSCHEMISTRYBIOLOGY HADITS QUR’AN & SUNNAH HISTORY GENDER ISSUES (1) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TASAWUF (1) LUGHAH (2) PHILOSOPHY MATHEMATICS (3) KALAM FALSAFAH (4) ETHICS PSYCHOLOGY CULTURE (CULTURAL STUDIES) (5) HUMAN RIGHTS PHENOMENOLOGY POLITICS/CIVIL SOCIETY M Amin Abdullah

  33. Courses, research and COMMUNITY OUTREACH M Amin Abdullah

  34. Induktif – Deduktif Baru RUMUSAN KETETAPAN HUKUM METODE INDUKTIF (BARU) Allah Muhammad Al-Qur’an Al-Hadits MetodeIstinbath TeksSyar’i Peristiwa BAHASA ARAB SEJARAH, SOSIOLOGI, SAINS KAEDAH USHUL FIQH YANG DISEMPURNAKAN Hukum Tujuan Sarana/Teknis KEADILAN Haram EQUALITY (KESETARAAN) Wajib Dhanniy Makruh HAM Sunnah MENJAGA LINGKUNGAN Berubah Mubah Qath’iy M Amin Abdullah Tetap

  35. GAGASAN KETETAPAN HUKUM METODE DEDUKSI (BARU) TeksSyar’i Peristiwa Sejarah,Sosiologi Qiyas Antropologi, Sains Tujuan Teknis/Sarana Hukum KEADILAN Haram Wajib EQUALITY Dhanniy/ Berubah Makruh HAM Sunnah MENJAGA LINGKUNGAN Mubah Qath’iy/ Tetap M Amin Abdullah

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