The Rise and Fall of Multi-culti-festivals in the Netherlands

1. A festival research project on the history of multi-culti-festivals in the Netherlands Dirk Noordman AssociatePprofessor of arts management Erasmus University Rotterdam Director Adviesbureaucultuurtoerisme.eu, The Hague The Rise and Fall of Multi-culti-festivals in the Netherlands Dirk Noordman

2. Dirk Noordman Cultural diversity-policy in the Netherlands (background) Until 2000 development aid 2000-06 explicit policy 2006creative class

3. Dirk Noordman Festival policy in the Netherlands (background)‏ 2000 no policy, private initiatives 2000-06 policies by municipalities 2006 education

4. Dirk Noordman Policy changes Until 2000: 450 festivals, of which 12 multiculti 2000-2006 consolidation (15 multiculti festivals)‏ After 2006: continuity (12 multiculti festivals)

5. Dirk Noordman Reasons for survival of multi-culti-festivals in the Neth. Education well developed Subsidy of central government or development aid funds Professionalisation of management

6. Dirk Noordman Reasons for the fall of multi-cultifestivals in the Neth. Management outsourced (profit needed)‏ Lack of local (political) support Lack of professionalisation of pioneers

7. Dirk Noordman Survival of mullti-culti festivals by… National & quasi-national subsidies Introduction of entrance fee Local stronghold Strategic attitude

8. Dirk Noordman Improve cultural diversity as to production Improve cultural diversity as to consumption Improve social cohesion Desired impact by local politicians

9. Dirk Noordman No actual impact on consumption, often too arty No actual impact on production, unless systematic approach No mixing, one visits one`s own favorite and returns home Actual local impacf of multi-culti festivals

10. Dirk Noordman Difficult for multi-culti festivals to continue their activity when they have made themselves dependent on the subsidies of the local government CONCLUSION