UNIT 8 Chapter 25 – The Industrial Revolution

1. UNIT 8Chapter 25 – The Industrial Revolution THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2. CHAPTER 23 The Industrial Revolution, 1700–1900 The Industrial Revolution begins in Britain, spreads to other countries, and has a strong impact on economics, politics, and society. The Beginnings of Industrialization SECTION 1 SECTION 2 CASE STUDY: Industrialization Industrialization Spreads SECTION 3 Reforming the Industrial World SECTION 4 Rail locomotives began connecting U.S. cities in the 1840s, enabling transport of goods between factories, cities, and ports.

3. OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE:Trace key events of the Industrial Revolution and analyze how these affected economics and politics. • Objective 8.1: Explain the beginnings of the British Industrial revolution and the inventions the furthered it. • Objective 8.2: Identify the social and economic effects of industrialization. • Objective 8.3: Identify the effects of industrialization on the rest of the world. • Objective 8.4: Explain the origins and main concepts of socialism, Marxism, and other 1800s reform movements.

4. Chapter 25 SECTION 1 – The Beginnings of Industrialization The Industrial Revolution starts in England and soon spreads to other countries.

5. REVOLUTION BEGINS IN BRITAIN • New Ways of Working • Industrial Revolution — greatly increases output of machine-made goods • Revolution begins in England (Britain) in the middle 1700s • The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way • Enclosures — large farm fields enclosed by fences or hedges • Wealthy landowners buy, enclose land once owned by village farmers • Enclosures allow experimentation with new agricultural methods WRITE THIS DOWN!

6. AGChanges • Rotating Crops • Crop rotation — switching crops each year to avoid depleting the soil • Livestock breeders allow only the best to breed, improve food supply

7. WHY BRITAIN? • Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England • Industrialization — move to machine production of goods • Britain has natural resources — coal, iron, rivers, harbors • Expanding economy in Britain encourages investment • Britain has all needed factors of production — land, labor, capital WRITE THIS DOWN!

8. WRITE THIS DOWN! INVENTIONS SPUR INDUSTRIALIZATION • Changes in the Textile Industry • Weavers work faster with flying shuttles and spinning jennies • Water frame uses water power to drive spinning wheels • Power loom, spinning mule speed up production, improve quality • Factories — buildings that contain machinery for manufacturing • Cotton gin boosts American cotton production to meet British demand • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzHD7_dWEik (Eli Whitney)

9. Difference between aWeaver & Spinner?

10. IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION • Watt’s Steam Engine • Need for cheap, convenient power spurs development of steam engine • James Watt improves steam engine, financed by Matthew Boulton • Boultonan entrepreneur — organizes, manages, takes business risks • Water Transportation • Robert Fulton builds first steamboat, the Clermont,in 1807 • England’s water transport improved by system of canals • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wp63BOXTIFQ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pe2LGBTdYDo • Road Transportation • British roads are improved; companies operate them as toll roads WRITE THIS DOWN!

11. THE RAILWAY AGE BEGINS • Steam-Driven Locomotives • In 1804, Richard Trevithick builds first steam-driven locomotive • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLJaboxC3Do • In 1825, George Stephenson builds world’s first railroad line WRITE THIS DOWN!

12. Transportation Revolution • The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad • Entrepreneurs build railroad from Liverpool to Manchester • Stephenson’s Rocket acknowledged as best locomotive (1829) • Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain • Railroads spur industrial growth, create jobs • Cheaper transportation boosts many industries; people move to cities WRITE THIS DOWN!

13. Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment Which of these is NOT a natural resource Britain had for Industrialization? (A) Iron (B) Rivers (C) Capital (D) Coal Which of these is Not a factor of production? (A) Harbors (B) Land (C) Labor (D) Capital

14. Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment Which of these is NOT a natural resource Britain had for Industrialization? (A) Iron (B) Rivers (C) Capital (D) Coal Which of these is Not a factor of production? (A) Harbors (B) Land (C) Labor (D) Capital

15. Vocabulary Assessment Urbanization is the (A) Process of work in a society being done by machines (B) Immigration from one country to another (C) Business growth through new inventions (D) Movement of people to cities An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people. Private property does not exist and goods are shared equally. (A) Capitalism (B) Communism (C) Socialism (D) Feudalism

16. Vocabulary Assessment Urbanization is the (A) Process of work in a society being done by machines (B) Immigration from one country to another (C) Business growth through new inventions (D) Movement of people to cities An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people. Private property does not exist and goods are shared equally. (A) Capitalism (B) Communism (C) Socialism (D) Feudalism