Cell Structure a nd Function

1. Cell Structure and Function

2. All living thingsare made up of one or more CELLS! • Cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic • What are the differences?

3. Cell Types Can you guess what each of these cells are?

4. 3 Differences??

5. How are they different?

6. 1. The Nucleus *Contains genetic material - Chromosomes i) Nuclear Envelope – 2 membranes with pores ii) Chromatin – thread like Becomes chromosomes (condenced) during cell division Meaningful parts=genes Made of - DNA & proteins iii) NucleOlus – dark center Makes rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

7. 2.Cytoplasm • All other organelles found here • Defined by cell membrane & envelope • Cytoskeleton – maintains cell’s shape

8. Organelles in the Cytoplasm Ribosomes • smallest organelle • Made of rRNA (made ______?) &proteins • Site of protein synthesis

9. 2 types of Ribosomes Free Floating • Make proteins for cell use Embedded in ER • Make proteins for export out of cell

10. ER – interconnected membrane, tubular canals,begin at nuclear envelope RER • Studded with ribosomes • Synthesize proteins for export (use outside of the cell) • Ex - insulin SER • NO ribos • Synthesize lipids • (ex. Male testes – make testosterone – a lipid steroid – so lots of SER) • Help liver in detox. process

11. ER

12. Golgi Bodies • Flattened sacs (NOT CONNECTED!!!!) • Closer to cell membrane • Sort & separates proteins & lipids • Modifies some molecules • Packages materials for export/or to stay • PACKAGING

13. Lysosomes double membrane -formed by G.B. • Contain HYDROLYTIC enzymes -- carry out HYDROLYSIS • Digest food particles, destroy old cells • AUTODIGESTION – tadpole tail

14. Mitochondria (kidney bean) • Double membrane • Has own DNA • Similar to chloroplast • Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION • OXYGEN + GLUCOSE ---- CARBON DIOXIDE + ATP + WATER

15. Mitochondria

16. Chloroplasts • ONLY in plants • Contains chlorophyll • Site of PHOTOSYNTHESIS

17. How are they different???And the same??

18. How are they different???