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Telecommunications Essentials

Telecommunications Essentials. Chapter 10 Next-Generation Networks. Broadband Growth. Information demand Wideband applications Video streaming Networked gaming E-commerce Convergence Shift to machine-to-machine communication More microprocessors than people

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Telecommunications Essentials

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  1. Telecommunications Essentials Chapter 10 Next-Generation Networks

  2. Broadband Growth • Information demand • Wideband applications • Video streaming • Networked gaming • E-commerce • Convergence • Shift to machine-to-machine communication • More microprocessors than people • Bandwidth cost is dropping(more slowly now)

  3. Bandwidth Growth • The Bandwidth Report • Wireless is expected to dominate • China, India, Russia expect biggest increase • Increases productivity (compared to dialup)

  4. Business Class Services • eCommerce • VPNs • Video conferencing • Collaboration

  5. Broadband Applications • Entertainment • Internet video/movies/TV/gaming • Education • Rich-media content delivery • Wireless campus • Research Labs • LHC, Grid Computing, • Health Care • Teleworking • National Security

  6. Digital Video • DTV • Reduced bandwidth requirements due to compression • Nearly immune to interference • Can become interactive

  7. DTV Standards • Convergence of broadcasting & computing • Next generation of TV • New features • Multiple –windows • Interactive viewing options • 6x improvement in video quality • CD quality sound • May have to compete with webTV

  8. International Standards • ATSC - Advanced Television Systems Committee • Adopted by Canada & U.S. • U.S. Analog switch-off date:February 17, 2009 • Canada: Aug. 31, 2011 • DVB – Digital Video Broadcasting • Europe & Australia • Similar to ATSC except for audio compression & transmission

  9. ATSC DTV Standard

  10. MPEG • MPEG-1 • Video CDs 1.5 Mbps • MP3 audio • MPEG-2 • DVD and DTV • MPEG-4 • Object based encoding • WMP, QuickTime • MPEG-7 • Multimedia content • MPEG-21 • Software libraries for production and delivery of content

  11. MPEG-2 & Bandwidth • DVD– 10.8 Mbps • HDTV – 20 Mbps, Blu-Ray • Video delivery requires: • More sophisticated video compression • Fiber to the X • New generation of wireless equipment

  12. Broadband Service Requirements • High speed & capacity • Bandwidth on demand • Bandwidth reservation • Support isochronous traffic • Agnostic platforms • Support for unicasting & multicasting • QoS

  13. Technology Enablers • Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers • DWDM • Optical add/drop multiplexers, cross-connect switches, & routers • HFC, FTTC, FTTH • Broadband wireless & satellite • Intelligent networks, softswitches, & media gateways

  14. Delay & Jitter • ITU recommendations • Maximum setup delay: 150 mSec • Packet loss: < 1% • Presently it is up to 40% • Round trip latency: < 80 mSec • Presently it is up to 1000 mSec

  15. Next-Generation Networks

  16. IP • IP – a LAN protocol • Connectionless • Discards packets when congested • Traditional routers cannot deliver service quality • VoIP & streaming media require low latency & jitter (voice compression 30 – 50 mSec) • Increase Bandwidth • Short term solution • IP Switching • Long term solution

  17. IP Switching • Connection oriented • Routes the first packet • Switches the other packets • Replaces Layer 3 hops with Layer 2 switching • Enables: • Voice, video, & graphics applications • Objectives • Scale economically • Improve QoS • Limitation • Not enough QoS control

  18. IP Multimedia System Designed for IPv6 mobile networks Adapted for IPv4 fixed services CSCF – Call Session Control Function HSS – Home Subscriber Services Ericsson Slide Show

  19. ATM • A WAN technique • Connection oriented • Provides real-time traffic management • Supports CoS and QoS provisioning • Supports voice, IP, frame relay, X.25 etc. • Limitation • Scaling problems • A virtual circuit is required between every IP router • Possible solutions • Abandon a full-mesh architecture • Migrate to MPLS

  20. IP vs. ATM

  21. Terabit Switch Routers • Proprietary • Backbone platform • Article by AmitSinghal • Single Chip Terabit Switch • GlimmerGlass

  22. Today’s Networks Facilities for each service category have been separately engineered

  23. Current Broadband Architecture • Current systems use overlay networks • Access and transport functions are separated • Adds capacity & service without disruption • Problem • High O&M costs • New services require new provision management & troubleshooting systems

  24. Multiservice Network

  25. Three Tier Architecture • Outer – Broadband Access • Customer service • Middle – Intelligent Edge • Protocol and data service integration • Inner – High-Speed Core • Core switches

  26. Broadband Access • Provides the end-user with a broadband link • Class 5 local exchange • DLC • DSLAM • IAD • Remote access servers

  27. Intelligent Edge • Establishes QoS, authentication, authorization etc. • Equipment type: • MSPP • VoIP, Media, & Trunking Gateways • ATM switches • IP routers & switches

  28. Next-Gen Network Edge

  29. Multipurpose Switch

  30. Intelligent Edge Functions • Broadband access • Adaptation of native traffic • Data concentration • QoS mapping • Service provisioning • Encryption • Accounting • Address administration • The Edge is becoming more intelligent and the network more dumb • A reversal of the traditional PSTN

  31. High-Speed Core • Scalable • Fast • Dumb

  32. Softswitch • A software-based distributed switching & control platform • No industry-standard definition • China may be the first to develop an interoperable switch • Ericsson

  33. ATM Service Category(QoS) • CBR- Constant bit rate • Highest class of service • Streaming media • VBR – Variable bit rate • Highest class of data service • Adequate for real-time voice • ABR – Available bit rate • LAN interconnect • UBR – Unspecified bit rate • Text data, image transfer, messaging

  34. IP Service Levels • IntServ(Integrated Services) • Bandwidth reservation • Internet virtual circuits • Three service classes • Guaranteed Service • Controlled Load Service • Best-Effort Service • DiffServ(Differentiated Services) • A CoS(Class of Service) model • Prioritizes different data streams • Cannot specify traffic control parameters

  35. MPLS(Multi Protocol Label Switching) • Uses local labels to identify: • Traffic types • Path • Destination • Supports bandwidth reservation • Operates at Layer 2 • Supports tunneling • Issues between IETF and IP/MPLS Forum

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