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Intro Educational Technology

Intro Educational Technology. Sandra Gonzalez 3310-60. Pre-World War II.

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Intro Educational Technology

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  1. Intro Educational Technology Sandra Gonzalez 3310-60

  2. Pre-World War II • 1905: First School Museum Opens in St. Louis: Education technology became one of the six top issues in schools (Robert, 1996), the National Educational Association emphasized the importance of preparing new teacherrs to use technology, and the Office of Educational reserach and Improvement awarded five grants to Regional Technology Centers to provide technical assistance to schools.

  3. Pre-World War II • 1912: The Modern individualized instruction approach was developed by Frederic Burk. • 1920: Burk’s staff developed Dalton and Winnetka Plans for individualized instruction.

  4. Pre-World War II • 1913: Edward Thorndike brought the use of empirical investigation in instructional techniques and learning theory to the attention of educators. Considered to be the basis of the modern systems approach to instruction (Reiser, 1987).

  5. Pre- World War II • 1923: Department of Visual Instruction was created. • 1932: First Instructional Television Event – State University of Iowa.

  6. Pre- World War II • 1946: Edgar Dale "Cone of Experience" Outlines the hierchy of teaching strategies and the effects of retention.

  7. World War II • By 1952 the federal Communication Commission had allocated 242 non-profit frequencies for educational uses. • U.S. Government produced 457 instructional training films and purchased 55,000 film projectors.

  8. 1950’s – 1970’s • 1956: Skinner developed the system of Operant condition. B.F. Skinner teaching Machineartifact from Smithsonian Institution Due to the increased number of people wanting an education, Skinner saw a need for more automated ways for students to learn.

  9. 1950’s – 1970’s • 1960’s – early 1970’s: Graduate programs in instructional design were initiated.

  10. 1950’s – 1970’s • 1960: Robert Gagné, who theorized that the acquisition of knowledge is facilitated by the hierarchical sequencing of content from elemental subordinate information to more complex skills.

  11. Con’t 1950’s – 1970’s • 1962: Robert Mager (1962) Preparing Instructional Objectives Palo Alto: California: Fearon Publishers • 1967: Scriven coined the terms “formative evaluation” and summative evaluation” (Reiser, 1987).

  12. 1970’s • The Department of Audiovisual Instructional changed its name to the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) and The National Society for Programmed Instruction changed its name to the National Society for Performance and Instruction. AECT played a critical role in defining the field of educational technology (Instructional technology Global resources, n.d.a.)

  13. 1990’s • Educational technology became one of the six top issues in schools (Roberts, 1996), the National Educational Association emphasized the importance of preparing new teachers to use technology.

  14. 1990’s • 1990: Tim Berners Lee – developed HTML code, which led to the internet, currently working on making information more open.

  15. 1990’s • 1998: John Broadus Watson was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism.

  16. Howard Garner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence • 1999: Howard Garner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence

  17. 2000’s • 2007: AECT redefined the field as “Educational Technology” instead of using “Instructional Technology”.

  18. Conclusion Educational technology has progressed and will continue to grow with the all the advances in technology. Researchers and practitioners will continue to expand on the work of those ahead of them to try and influence instructional design models by making them more learner centered.

  19. Resources • “A Brief History of Instructional Technology and the Ideas Affecting It” From The Foundations of Instructional Technology – Craig Shepherd Department of educational Psychology and Instructional Technology, University of Georgia • “Definition of the Field of Instructional Technology” History and Evolution of the Definition Erin R. Gunther University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC. • “Major Developments in Instructional Technology: During the 20th Century” Alena R. Treat, Ying Wang, RajatChadha, and Micheal Hart Dixon - Department of Instructional Systems Technology Indiana University

  20. Resources con’t • http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxh139/IT_history.htm • http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/historical-time-of-educational-technology • http://arcmit01.uncw.edu/erg1602/Definition.html

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