Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan: MOTORCYCLE MOPED

1. 1 Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan:MOTORCYCLE & MOPED Dan Galanis Injury Prevention and Control Program Hawaii Department of Health 1250 Punchbowl St., Room 214 Honolulu, HI 96813 Ph: 586-5943 E-mail: daniel.galanis@doh.hawaii.gov

2. 2 Overview of presentation Fatal traffic crashes State/national comparisons (CDC data) Overall data (FARS) Trends, county comparisons Contributing factors: alcohol/drug use, helmets, etc. Time, day of week Non-fatal traffic crashes Trends, county comparisons MVAR/DOT crash data Descriptions of injuries Hospital and emergency department (ED) records Trauma Registry data (Queen�s Hospital)

3. 3 Five-year fatality rates (/100,000) for motorcyclists, Hawaii vs. rest of the U.S., 2000-2004. Highest: Wisconsin New Mexico Montana Minnesota Idaho Lowest: Massachusetts Louisiana Alaska Alabama New Jersey Highest: Wisconsin New Mexico Montana Minnesota Idaho Lowest: Massachusetts Louisiana Alaska Alabama New Jersey

4. 4 Motorcyclists and moped riders killed in traffic crashes in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005 (2006 data (incl. non-residents): 29 deaths; 22 motorcyclists, 7 moped riders) 2006 (incl. non-residents): 22 deaths for motorcyclists, 7 for moped riders. No significant 5-year trends for any county for any outcome (mopeds, motorcycles, or combined). True for either adjustment by registrations or population. 2006 (incl. non-residents): 22 deaths for motorcyclists, 7 for moped riders. No significant 5-year trends for any county for any outcome (mopeds, motorcycles, or combined). True for either adjustment by registrations or population.

5. 5 Rates of fatal and non-fatal injuries to motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005 Fatal rates: Both Hawaii and Maui sig greater than Kauai and Honolulu for both motorcycle and total. Non-fatal rates: Both Honolulu and Maui sig greater than Kauai and Hawaii for moped. Both Hawaii and Maui sig greater than Honolulu or Kauai for motorcycle Both Honolulu and Maui sig greater than Hawaii or Kauai for total Hawaii sig greater than Kauai Fatal rates: Both Hawaii and Maui sig greater than Kauai and Honolulu for both motorcycle and total. Non-fatal rates: Both Honolulu and Maui sig greater than Kauai and Hawaii for moped. Both Hawaii and Maui sig greater than Honolulu or Kauai for motorcycle Both Honolulu and Maui sig greater than Hawaii or Kauai for total Hawaii sig greater than Kauai

6. 6 Alcohol Involved in 41% of the 106 fatal crashes (excludes 7 crashes w/ no info) 35% of fatally injured drivers; 26% >0.08 BAC (excludes 4 drivers) Alcohol use high for: Drivers killed during nighttime: 50% positive, with 40% >0.08 BAC Drivers killed on weekends: 50% positive, with 37% >0.08 BAC Drivers killed in Hawaii (57%) and Maui (44%) counties (Honolulu: 25%) Motorcycle drivers (40%) compared to moped drivers (11%) Older drivers: 48% for those 35-64 years vs. 17% for those under 30 years Increasing trend: 18% in 2001 ? 43% in 2005 Drugs About 1 in 4 drivers (26%) positive for drugs (excludes 7 drivers) Methamphetamine (11 drivers) THC (10 drivers) Amphetamine (7 drivers) RISK FACTORS from FARS, 2001-2005 for fatally injured motorcyclists

7. 7 Fatally injured motorcycle drivers in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Alcohol status of driver by time of day and day of week

8. 8 Helmet use Only 1 in every 3 victims (31%) wore helmet None of the 19 moped riders wore helmets 38% for remaining motorcycle riders No trends over time or Oahu vs. Neighbor Island differences Licensing Only half (52%) had valid license Motorcycle drivers (86): 45% had �no valid license for this class vehicle� 3% (3 drivers) had no license, including two 15 year-olds Moped drivers (19): 26% (5 drivers) had no license Other factors Speeding: 37% of drivers (47% on Oahu) Increasing trend: 18% in 2001 ? 50% in 2005 Half (49%) of the crashes did not involve another vehicle RISK FACTORS from FARS, 2001-2005 for fatally injured motorcyclists

9. 9 The �injury pyramid� for injuries to motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii

10. 10 Average of 718 per year 61% motorcyclists, 39% moped riders Peak age: 20-24 years More than half (61%) are 15 to 34 years Helmet use: 30% 44% among motorcyclists, 8% moped riders Helmeted riders significantly younger than those without helmets Alcohol/drug use: <4% Reliability of data? Speeding: 10% 17% for motorcyclists, 5% moped riders Inattention/misjudgment: 38% Non-fatal traffic crashes involving motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii, 2001-2005 (MVAR/DOT data)

11. 11 Average annual number of motorcycle and moped drivers involved in non-fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005 Non-fatal rates: Both Honolulu and Maui sig greater than Kauai and Hawaii for moped. Both Hawaii and Maui sig greater than Honolulu or Kauai for motorcycle Both Honolulu and Maui sig greater than Hawaii or Kauai for total Hawaii sig greater than Kauai Non-fatal rates: Both Honolulu and Maui sig greater than Kauai and Hawaii for moped. Both Hawaii and Maui sig greater than Honolulu or Kauai for motorcycle Both Honolulu and Maui sig greater than Hawaii or Kauai for total Hawaii sig greater than Kauai

12. 12 Annual number of motorcycle and moped drivers involved in non-fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005 Significant decreasing trend for Hawaii County was for motorcycles and total (not mopeds). For trend tests adjusted for average population, were significant increasing trends for mopeds for Honolulu and the state, and total (mopeds + motorcycles) for Honolulu. Also sig decreasing trends for Hawaii County for motorcycles and total. Significant decreasing trend for Hawaii County was for motorcycles and total (not mopeds). For trend tests adjusted for average population, were significant increasing trends for mopeds for Honolulu and the state, and total (mopeds + motorcycles) for Honolulu. Also sig decreasing trends for Hawaii County for motorcycles and total.

13. 13 Time of day for fatal and non-fatal crashes involving motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii, 2001-2005

14. 14 ~940 documented per year (~1,055 actual?) ~710 ED visits (~775 actual?) ~230 hospitalizations (~280 actual?) Age distribution generally younger More than half (57%) are 15 to 34 years Mostly (84%) males Medical charges ~$2100/ED visit ? $1.6 million/year ~$40,100/hospitalization ? $11.2 million/year Hospitalizations and ED visits for non-fatal injuries among motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii

15. 15 Distribution of injuries for motorcyclists and moped riders treated in Hawaii hospitals, 2003-2005 Most common types of fractures for ED were ribs, trunk and pelvis (32%), lower arm or hand (28%), or lower leg or foot (25%). Those who were hospitalized were more likely to have a skull fracture (19%) than those discharged from ED (6%). TBI was 42% among hospitalized, 13% for ED. Most (14 of 16) of those with spinal cord injuries were hospitalized. Most common types of fractures for ED were ribs, trunk and pelvis (32%), lower arm or hand (28%), or lower leg or foot (25%). Those who were hospitalized were more likely to have a skull fracture (19%) than those discharged from ED (6%). TBI was 42% among hospitalized, 13% for ED. Most (14 of 16) of those with spinal cord injuries were hospitalized.

16. 16 Alcohol use: 17% for all admitted 31% among those tested Helmet use: 33% (1 in 3) Helmeted riders were less likely to: Be positive for alcohol (6%, vs. 22% for unhelmeted) Have a TBI (37% vs. 64% for unhelmeted) Have a fatal injury (2.8% vs. 5.5% for unhelmeted) Motorcyclists and moped admitted into the Queen�s Trauma Registry, 2001-2005

17. 17 Data summary for motorcycle and moped riders Observational studies: Motorcycles: 37% to 50% for state (no trend). Higher for Oahu (41%-57%) than N.I. (19%-39%) Mopeds: 8%-19% for state (no trend). Oahu: 8%-19%, N.I.: 3%-25% (small numbers ~25 per year for all N.I.) Observational studies: Motorcycles: 37% to 50% for state (no trend). Higher for Oahu (41%-57%) than N.I. (19%-39%) Mopeds: 8%-19% for state (no trend). Oahu: 8%-19%, N.I.: 3%-25% (small numbers ~25 per year for all N.I.)