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Birth Control

Birth Control. BIRTH CONTROL: Methods of Contraception:. 1) Natural Family Planning/Rhythm Method: requires abstinence from sexual intercourse a few days before/after ovulation perfect use: 99%; typical use: 75%. 2) Non-methods (don’t work):.

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Birth Control

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  1. Birth Control

  2. BIRTH CONTROL: Methods of Contraception: 1) Natural Family Planning/Rhythm Method: • requires abstinence from sexual intercourse a few days before/after ovulation • perfect use: 99%; typical use: 75%

  3. 2) Non-methods (don’t work): • COITUS INTERRUPTUS: withdrawal of penis before ejaculation • perfect use: 96%; typical use: 73% • DOUCHING: douching after intercourse to wash sperm out of vagina • 60% effective

  4. 3) MECHANICAL BARRIER METHOD: -Condom (male, female); *perfect use: 98%; typical use 85% -Diaphragm *perfect use: 94%; typical use 84% -Cervical cap

  5. 4) CHEMICAL BARRIERS: -Creams, foams, jellies w/spermicide -Easy to use, but high failure rate unless used with a condom or diaphragm

  6. 5)COMBINED HORMONE CONTRACEPTIVES: -Introduce synthetic estrogen &/or progesterone- to disrupt the ovarian cycle and prevent ovulation *Oral contraceptive (“the pill”- daily) combined pill (99.7%; actual: 92%) mini-pill (92-99%) *Small, flexible chemical ring (1/month); (99.7%; actual: 92%) *Transdermal patch (1/week); (99.7%; actual: 92%) *Injection (once every 3 months) (99.7%; 97%)

  7. 6) INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD): -Small, solid object placed within the uterus -harms sperm, thickens cervical mucus & prevents implantation of blastocyst 98-99%; typical use: 98%

  8. Statistics • With consistent and correct use the failure rates for birth control methods are: • male condoms - 3% - the pill – 0.1% • the diaphragm - 6% - withdrawal – 4% • With “typical use” (FDA defines as not always using the method correctly, not using the method every time, forgetting to take the pill, or using the method correctly but having it fail) the failure rate is: • male condoms -14% - the pill - 5% • the diaphragm - 20% - withdrawal -19%

  9. 7) SURGERY: -In males: VASECTOMY(99+%) -In females: TUBAL LIGATION(99+%)

  10. Emergency Contraception • Plan B – Works similar to birth control pills to prevent pregnancy (up to 89%) if a contraceptive method has failed or from unprotected sex • 2 pills are taken that give high levels of progesterone which can • Prevent ovulation • Prevent a sperm from fertilizing an egg • Prevent implantation of a fertilized egg

  11. Should be taken up to 72 hours after intercourse • Plan B can not end a pregnancy if implantation has occurred • Plan B is now available over the counter if you are over 18 years old • If you are under 17 you need a doctor’s prescription

  12. QUESTIONS: • Which method is the most effective? 2) Which method is the least effective? 3) Which method(s) protects you against STD’s? 4) Why do the chemical methods work? In other words, why doesn’t a woman ovulate? 5) How is the IUD different in how it prevents pregnancy than the other chemical methods? 6) Why is there such a large difference between “perfect use” and “typical use” success rates?

  13. STD’s:STD’s: The CDC estimates that nearly 20 million new sexually transmitted infections occur every year in this country, half among young people ages 15–24.

  14. Bacterial STD’s • Chlamydia: • most common STD in US • 2011: 1.4 million reported cases in the US • May not show symptoms (discharge, burning/pain during urination) • Gonorrhea • One of the most common • 2011: 322,000 in US • May not show symptoms (discharge, burning/pain during urination)

  15. Viral • HPV (human papillomavirus aka genital warts) • Most common STD in the US! • At least 50 percent of sexually active men and women acquire a genital HPV infection at some point in their lives. • By age 50, at least 80 percent of women will have been infected with genital HPV infection. • Symptoms: small bump or group of bumps (large or small) in the genital area; can be asymptomatic

  16. Viral • Herpes • 1 in 4 adults have herpes (oral & genital combined) • Mild tingling + burning precedes blister • Blister  lesion (2-6 weeks); painful • Can take medication to reduce outbreaks (Valtrex; Acyclovir) • Resides deep in nerve centers

  17. HIV (AIDS) • Virus invades T4 cells of immune system • Flu-like symptoms 2-8 weeks after infection Figure1: Estimated New HIV Infections in the United States, 2010,for the Most Affected Subpopulations

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