Birth Control

1. Birth Control Upper Middle Level Health

2. Purpose Of Lesson • Today’s lesson is focusing on PEOPLE, not just teens. • There are three reasons why we are doing this lesson.

3. Three Reasons • 1.Some people have intercourse in their teens. For them, knowing about birth control in important. So, they can try to prevent pregnancy and STDs. • 2. Other people choose not to have intercourse in their teens and wait until they are married, but almost everyone will have intercourse at some time in his or her life. So, the second reason we are doing this lesson is that most of you will want to make decisions about birth control some day. • 3. Lastly, I want you to be able to help your friends and brothers and sisters figure out what’s truth and what’s myth regarding birth control. The teen community is one another’s most common source of sexual information, and often misinformation. Today, you can learn the facts and help prevent the spread of misinformation.

4. Brainstorm • If a person did NOT want to have a baby, what could he or she do??? • Tell me what you think?? • We will learn the facts today. • We will discuss birth control methods in terms of there “form”

5. Reminder • Just because we are discussing birth control, and you may know the facts after this lesson, does not mean you are being given the OK to have sexual intercourse if you use a form of birth control. • There is ALWAYS a risk of getting pregnant or contracting an STD during sexual intercourse EVEN if you use birth control. • ABSTINENCE is the only 100% guarantee.

6. Birth Control • We will discuss • Behavioral Methods • Barrier Methods • Hormonal Methods • Spermicides • Others

7. Behavioral Methods • Abstinence • Also called celibacy or saying NO. • Means not having sexual intercourse.

8. Behavioral Methods • Fertility Awareness - studying certain signs in the woman’s body to learn when she ovulates (and can therefore, get pregnant) and then not having sexual intercourse around that time. • Without careful study, practice and charting, there is no safe time.

9. Behavioral Methods • Withdrawal • The man pulling his penis out of the vagina before he ejaculates and avoids getting semen anywhere near her genitals.

10. Behavioral Methods • Combining Two Methods • For extra protection, couples can combine a condom with another method of birth control. A combination like this will help cut down the risk of pregnancy, STD’s.

11. Barrier Methods • Male Condom • They are like very thin, very strong gloves. A condom is worn over the penis to catch the sperm so they can’t enter the uterus and fallopian tubes. • They can only be used once and then thrown away. • Male condoms cut down the risk of pregnancy, and of HIV and other STDs

12. Barrier Methods • Female Condoms • Soft, loose-fitting plastic pouches with two flexible rings on each side. • They are put in the vagina to collect semen, keeping the sperm from entering the vagina. • Can only be used once. • Not very effective.

13. Barrier Methods • Diaphragms • Soft rubber cups. • The diaphragm holds spermicidal gel or cream over the cervix. • A women goes to her health care provider to be fitted for one.

14. Hormonal Methods • Pills (Oral contraceptives) • Hormones (like the ones already in her body) that keep a woman’s ovaries from releasing eggs as long as she keeps taking them. • They also thin the lining of the uterus and thicken cervical fluid so sperm are less likely to reach the fallopian tubes. • They must be prescribed by a health care provider. • One pill is taken by mouth at the same time everyday.

15. Hormonal Methods • The Patch • A small, thin, beige-colored patch about 2 inches by 2 inches. It must be prescribed by a doctor. • The patch is placed on a woman’s skin (arm, back, or stomach); combined hormones are released and then slowly pass through the skin. • The patch protects from pregnancy for one month (patch must be changed weekly). • Once the patch is stuck to the skin, she may shower, bathe, swim, etc.

16. Hormonal Methods • The Ring • A soft, plastic ring that is about the size of a jelly bracelet. Prescribed by a doctor. • It is placed inside the vagina and slowly releases hormones. • The ring protects from pregnancy for one month (she puts it in her vagina for 3 weeks and takes it out for one.) • The new ring must be used each month.

17. Hormonal Methods • The Shot (Depo-Provera) • A shot of hormones that is given into a woman’s muscle (in her arm or hip) every 3 months that keeps a woman’s ovaries from releasing eggs. Must be prescribed by a doctor. • A woman returns to her health care provider’s office every 11 or 12 weeks for the shot.

18. Hormonal Methods • The Implant • One small tube that is placed under the skin of a woman’s upper, inner arm. It prevents pregnancy for up to 3 years and releases a hormone that prevents pregnancy. • It must be prescribed by a health care provider and is very expensive. • The woman must go to her health care providers office to have it put in or removed, which takes about one minute.

19. Spermicides • Spermicides • Come in the form of gel, foam, cream, film, suppository or tablet. These contain a chemical that kills sperm. • The spermicide is inserted far up in the vagina to keep the sperm out of the uterus.

20. Spermicides • Sponges • These have already been soaked with spermicidal foam. • The sponge is put inside the vagina, over the cervix. • It releases spermicide near the cervix to keep the sperm out of the uterus • Can only be used once, then thrown away.

21. Other • Intrauterine Devices (I.U.D.s) • Small plastic T-shaped objects, containing copper or hormones. • An I.U.D. is placed in the uterus by a health care provider. • Copper I.U.Ds last up to ten years, while the hormonal one (Mirena) lasts five years.

22. Other • Sterilization • Also called tubal ligation in women and vasectomy in men. • It is an operation in which the doctor blocks or ties the fallopian tubes or the vasa deferens tubes, so that eggs and sperm can’t travel to meet one another • Most of the time it is permanent. However, rarely it can be reversed.

23. Reference Sheets • Reference Sheets 1 and 2 • Take about 10 minutes to try and fill in the rest of reference sheet 1. You and your table mate can work together.

24. Reference Sheet • 1. Which method of birth control works 100% of the time?

25. Reference Sheet • 1. Abstinence

26. Reference Sheet • 2. If a hundred couples had intercourse for a year without any kind of birth control, how many would start a pregnancy?

27. Reference Sheet • 2. About 85.....in other words, close to ALL. • Some of the other 15 couples out of the hundred are fertile, but it may take them longer to become pregnant. Some of the other 15 couples are infertile. Of the 85 couples, some got pregnant on their first intercourse of the year.

28. Reference Sheet • 3. Which are the more effective methods of birth control?

29. Reference Sheet • 3. • Abstinence • Hormonal Methods • Sterilization • Combining two methods • I.U.D • Male Condom • These methods are about 90% effective in actual use.

30. Reference Sheet • 4. Which are the less effective methods of birth control?

31. Reference Sheet • 4. • Spermicides • Sponge • Diaphragm • Withdrawal • Fertility Awareness • Female Condoms • There are all 65%-85% effective in actual use.

32. Reference Sheet • 5. Which methods have some important medical risks.

33. Reference Sheet • 5. • Pill, patch, ring: blood clots, stroke, heart attach • I.U.D.: pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility • Diaphragm: urinary and vaginal infections, toxic shock syndrome. • Depo-Provera: depression, bone density decrease • Spermicides: risk of vaginal irritation from the spermicide • All of these risks are rare, but possible.

34. Reference Sheet • 6. Which methods give the most protection from STDs

35. Reference Sheet • 6. • Abstinence • Male condoms • Abstinence is the only guarantee.

36. Reference Sheet • 7. Which methods give the most protection from cancers?

37. Reference Sheet • 7. • Abstinence • Pill - reduces the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer. • Shot - reduces the risk for endometrial and ovarian cancer. • I.U.D. - reduces risk for endometrial cancer.

38. Reference Sheet • 8. Which methods are safer than having a baby?

39. Reference Sheet • 8. All of them, and especially abstinence.

40. Reference Sheet • 9. Why is it good to talk with your parents, guardians or other trusted adults about birth control, if you can?

41. Reference Sheet • 9. Answer • avoids secrecy, lying, guilt, mistrust • may bring family closer together • may offer support in going to the doctor or pharmacy • may offer help in decision-making about intercourse or about birth control, from their experience • lets you share beliefs

42. Reference Sheet • 10. Why is it good to talk with your boyfriend/girlfriend/husband/wife about this if you can?

43. Reference Sheet • 10. Answer • avoids secrecy, lying, guilt, mistrust • may bring couple closer together • protects BOTH from unintended pregnancy • may support each other in going to a doctor • lets you share beliefs • can make decisions together

44. Reference Sheet • 11. Where else besides class, could a person get accurate up-to-date information about birth control?

45. Reference Sheet • Parents or guardians • Other trusted adults • Family Doctor • Gynecologist • Planned Parenthood • Pharmacist • Clergy, Pastor • Public Library • Medical internet sites

46. Homework • Birth Control Worksheet • Extra Credit: • Birth Control: Family Homework Exercise • Due: Next Class Period