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PRACTICALS UPPER LIMBS OE EKPO

PRACTICALS UPPER LIMBS OE EKPO. Muscles which bind shoulder girdle to axial skeleton. Trapezius; Levator scapulae; Rhomboid (major & minor) Serratus anterior; Pectoralis minor. Winging of scapula : Weakness or paralysis of the serratus anterior ,

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PRACTICALS UPPER LIMBS OE EKPO

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  1. PRACTICALS UPPER LIMBS OE EKPO

  2. Muscles which bind shoulder girdle to axial skeleton Trapezius; Levator scapulae; Rhomboid (major & minor) Serratus anterior; Pectoralis minor Winging of scapula: Weakness or paralysis of the serratus anterior, secondary to palsy of the long thoracic nerve, is the commonest cause of winging.

  3. Muscles which attach humerus to axial skeleton Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi.

  4. Muscles which bind humerus to shoulder girdle

  5. Rotator cuff muscles Posterior Anterior

  6. MUSCLES OF THE ARM Arm-anterior Biceps brachii

  7. Arm-posterior

  8. MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM Flexors: superficial layer Flexors: intermediate layer Flexors: deep layer

  9. Long extensors Short extensors Anconeus

  10. Divided into: muscles of the thenar eminence acting on the thumb Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis muscles of the hypothenar eminence acting on the little finger Opponens digiti minimi Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Palmaris brevis Adductor pollicis Interossei 4 dorsal interossei 3 palmar interossei 4 lumbricals Intrinsic muscles

  11. Dorsal interossei Adductor and palmar interossei Axial line Axial line

  12. Superficial thenar and hypothenar muscles Deep thenar and hypothenar muscles Palmaris brevis Origin: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis Insertion: Skin of palm into dermis Action: Steadies and corrugates skin of palm to help with grip Nerve: Superficial branch of ulnar N (C8, T1)

  13. Carpal tunnel

  14. Right side

  15. Palmar aponeurosis • thickened, central portion of the deep palmar fascia • Proximal attachments: distal edge of flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament) and to tendon of palmaris longus • radiates toward the bases of the fingers usually as a continuation of the tendon of the palmaris longus muscle • Distal attachments: via 4 slips which become continuous with fibrous sheaths of fingers; anchors to skin of palm in distal portions • helps with gripping

  16. Carpal tunnel Palmar aponeurosis

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