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Daily Science (pg. 14)

Daily Science (pg. 14). Name the four Earth systems and explain each. Put the following numbers into scientific notation: 1080000000 0.000907 4500000 0.000000001 Convert the following: 1.23 meters into millimeters 0.098 kg into dg 104 centiliters into liters

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Daily Science (pg. 14)

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  1. Daily Science (pg. 14) • Name the four Earth systems and explain each. • Put the following numbers into scientific notation: • 1080000000 • 0.000907 • 4500000 • 0.000000001 • Convert the following: • 1.23 meters into millimeters • 0.098 kg into dg • 104 centiliters into liters • Name one type of map and explain • What are the two types of ways minerals are formed?

  2. Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks Pg. 21

  3. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks • Sediments- pieces of solid material that have been deposited on Earth’s surface by wind, water, ice, gravity, or chemical precipitation. • When sediments become cemented together, they are called sedimentary rocks • Begins by erosion and weathering

  4. Weathering • Chemical and physical processes that break rock into smaller pieces. • Produces rock and mineral fragments called clastic sediments • Clastic means broken

  5. Erosion and Transport • The removal and movement of surface materials from one location to another is erosion • Agents of erosion: wind, moving water, gravity, and glaciers. • Always move downhill • When transport stops and sediments settle- deposition. • Particles are sorted into layers depending on their size

  6. Lithification • As more sediments are deposited, bottom layers become more compressed. • Lithification- physical and chemical process that form sediments into sedimentary rocks • Begins with compaction • Squeezes water out and sometimes natural gas and oil fill the empty space.

  7. Cross- bedding and graded bedding • Cross bedding-forms as inclined layers of sediment are carried forward across a horizontal surface • Graded bedding-depositions where particles are progressively heavier and coarser toward the bottom

  8. Types of sedimentary rocks • Fossils (a feature of sedimentary rocks)

  9. Metamorphic Rocks • When high temperature and pressure combine to alter the texture, mineralogy, or chemical composition without melting a rock a metamorphic rock is formed. • Meta = change • Morphe = Form

  10. Types of metamorphism • Regional metamorphism- when high temperature and pressure effect large regions of Earth’s crust. • Contact metamorphism- when molten rock comes into contact with solid rock • Hydrothermal metamorphism- when very hot water reacts with rock and alters the chemical composition

  11. Metamorphic textures • Foliated- characterized by wavy layers and bands of minerals • Nonfoliated- lack long mineral grains in one direction

  12. The Rock Cycle • Rocks don’t always remain the same rock that they were formed as.

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