Understanding Matter: Properties & States

1. Chemistry

2. Learning Target • I can describe the properties of matter. • I can discuss the states of matter.

3. Vocabulary • Mass • Volume • Extensive property • Intensive property • Substance • Physical property • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Vapor • Physical change

4. 2.1 Describing Matter • Describing Matter • How can properties used to describe matter be classified?

5. 2.1 Describing Matter • Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive.

6. 2.1 Describing Matter • Extensive Properties • The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains. • The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object. • An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample.

7. 2.1 Describing Matter • Intensive Properties • An intensive property is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter. The hardness of a bowling ball is an example of an intensive property.

8. 2.1 Identifying Substances • Identifying Substances • Why do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?

9. 2.1 Identifying Substances • Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance. These kettles are mainly copper. Copper is an example of a substance.

10. 2.1 Identifying Substances • This sculpture of a falcon is made of gold. Gold is an example of a substance.

11. 2.1 Identifying Substances • Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition.

12. 2.1 Identifying Substances • A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition. • Hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability are examples of physical properties.

13. 2.1 Identifying Substances

14. 2.1 States of Matter • States of Matter • What are three states of matter?

15. 2.1 States of Matter • Three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

16. 2.1 States of Matter • Solids • A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

17. 2.1 States of Matter • Liquid • A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.

18. 2.1 States of Matter • Gases • A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.

19. States of Matter • Animation 1 • Relate the states of matter to the arrangements of their particles.

20. 2.1 States of Matter • Vapor describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature, as in water vapor.

21. 2.1 Physical Changes • Physical Changes • How can physical changes be classified?

22. 2.1 Physical Changes • During a physical change, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change. • As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change.

23. 2.1 Physical Changes • Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible. • All physical changes that involve a change from one state to another are reversible. • Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg are examples of irreversible physical changes.

24. 2.1 Section Quiz. • 2.1.

25. 2.1 Section Quiz. • 1. Which of the following would be described as an extensive property of matter? • temperature • color • mass • hardness

26. 2.1 Section Quiz. • 2. Which properties can be observed without changing the composition of a substance? • all properties of a substance • intensive properties • chemical properties • physical properties

27. 2.1 Section Quiz. • 3. Match the states of matter with the following descriptions: • (1) takes the volume and shape of its container • (2) has a definite shape and volume • (3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape • (1) liquid, (2) solid and (3) gas • (1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid • (1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid

28. END OF SHOW