European Exploration

1. European Exploration

2. Motivating Forces for Exploration • Economic—Gold, natural resources, wanted slaves and trade • Religious—Spread of Christianity • Competitions for empire and belief in superiority of own culture

3. Obstacles to Exploration • Poor maps and navigational tools

4. Obstacles • Disease and starvation • Fear of unknown • Lack of adequate supplies

5. Accomplishments of Exploration • Exchanged goods and ideas; began trading • Improved maps and developed better navigational tools and ships

6. Territories were claimed for Spain, France, England, Portugal

7. Gold Motivation • Lack of adequate supplies Obstacle • Spread Christianity Motivation

8. Exchanged goods and ideas Accomplishment • Fear of the unknown Obstacle • Wanted trade Motivation

9. Claimed territories for Spain, France, England, Portugal Accomplishment • Competition for empire and belief in superiority of own culture Motivation Established trade Accomplishment

10. Poor maps and navigational tools Obstacle • Improved navigational tools and ships Accomplishment • Disease and starvation Obstacle

11. Why did European countries compete for power in North America? • What were the obstacles faced by the explorers? • What were the accomplishments of the explorations?

12. England • John Cabot explored eastern Canada

13. John Cabot set sail in 1497 under the flag of England.

14. John Cabot

15. Spain • Motivations? • Obstacles? • Accomplishments?

17. Spain • Francisco Coronado claimed southwest United States for Spain.

20. Where did Coronado explore? Southwest—states of Arizona and New Mexico • What was Coronado looking for? Seven Cities of Gold • Who did Coronado claim land for? Spain What did the Spanish establish? Catholic Missions • What group of American Indians did Coronado come in contact with? Pueblo • What Geographic Regions or Bodies of Water did Coronado cross? Basin and Range, Great Plains, Colorado River, Rio Grande River

21. Spanish Cultural Interaction • Conquered and enslaved American Indians(First Americans) • Brought Christianity to the New World • Brought European diseases • Brought horses and other animals to Americas

24. France • Samuel de Champlain established the French settlement of Quebec on the St. Lawrence River • Robert La Salle claimed the Mississippi River Valley

30. French Cultural Interaction • Established trading posts, often trading metal items for furs • Spread Christian religion

32. Cultural Interaction of the English • Established settlements and claimed ownership of land • Learned farming techniques from American Indians (First Americans)

33. Portugal • The Portuguese made voyages of discovery along West Africa beginning in the early 1400’s.

35. West Africa • Ghana, Mali, and Songhai became powerful by controlling trade in West Africa, especially the vast trade in salt, necessary for survival • Ancient Ghana rose to power by controlling the trade of salt and gold in West Africa • In the 1200’s the new empire Mali came to power; Timbuktu, its largest city was known for its libraries and universites. • After the fall of Mali, the empire of Songhai grew. Portugeese sailors first traded in Songhai in the early 1400’s.

36. Portugal’s Trade • The Portuguese carried goods from Europe to West African empires, trading metals, cloth, and other manufactured goods for gold • As trade with Africa grew another tragic trade also began: enslaved people were kidnapped and taken from Africa to labor for others. • By the 1470’s (before Columbus ever came to North America) Lisbon, Portugal’s capital was a busy slave-trading port.

38. Columbian Exchange • The Columbian exchange is the name given to the huge exchange of plants, animals, foods, humans, diseases, languages and ideas that happened between Native Americans and Europeans after 1492. • The Columbian exchange led to sweeping changes in both hemispheres. • For some the exchange brought devastating diseases, for others the exchange brought new crops and new prosperity.

39. The Great Exchange From the Americas to Europe, Africa and Asia From Europe, Asia and Africa to the Americas Bananas Oranges Coffee Cattle Horses Pigs Sheep Oats Rice Barley Wheat Chicken • Potato • Tomato • Corn • Chocolate • Peanuts • Beans • Turkey • Squash • Chili peppers • Avocado • Llamas • Pineapple

40. There was both cooperation and conflict between Native Americans and European explorers and settlers.

41. Areas of Conflict between European Explorers and Native Americans • Land ownership • Competition for trade • Differences in culture • Disease • Language difference

43. Areas of Cooperation between European Explorers and Native Americans • Technologies (transportation of weapons and farm tools) • Trade • Crops

44. European Explorers and Settlers in North America • When the Europeans came from Spain, France, and England they had better weapons, swifter horses and also unknowingly spread terrible diseases that killed millions of Native Americans. This made it possible for them to take over and settle areas that had been American Indian land for centuries. These events affected and changed life in America forever.