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Body systems revision. Year 10 sport science. Respiratory system. Allows air to travel to our lungs from body FUNCTION Supplies oxygen to all parts of the body Consists of: Pharynx Larynx Trachea Lungs. Bronchus Bronchiole Alveoli Diaphragm. Respiratory system.
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Body systems revision Year 10 sport science
Respiratory system • Allows air to travel to our lungs from body • FUNCTION • Supplies oxygen to all parts of the body • Consists of: • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Lungs • Bronchus • Bronchiole • Alveoli • Diaphragm
Respiratory system • Inspiration and Expiration • Inspiration • Contraction of intercostal muscles • Diaphragm contracts downwards • Increase size of thoracic cavity and lung space • Air pressure in lungs decreased • Expiration • Intercostals and diaphragm relax • Space inside lungs decreases • Air pressure in lungs increased
Respiratory system • Tidal Volume - amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath (600mL male) • Minute ventilation – volume of air moved into and out of respiratory tract each minute • Minute ventilation (VE) = respiratory rate × tidal volume • At rest, minute ventilation = 12 × 0.5 L = 6.0 L/min
Skeletal system • Bone structure of body • FUNCTION • Movement of body • Support • Two sections: • Axial skeleton- bones of skull, spine, thorax • Appendicular skeleton- bones of upper and lower extremities
Skeletal system • TYPES OF BONES • Long bones (eg. Femur) • Short bones (eg. Tarsals) • Flat bones (eg. Sternum) • Irregular bones (eg. Vertebrae) • Sesamoid bones (eg. Patella) • Sutural bones (eg. Skull)
Skeletal system • TYPES OF JOINTS • Gliding Joint • Ball and Socket Joint • Pivot Joint • Hinge Joint • Saddle Joint • Condyloid Joint
Muscular system • FUNCTION • Allow movement to occur • TYPES OF MUSCLES • Smooth- involuntary (eg. Stomach) • Skeletal- voluntary (eg. Quadricep) • Cardiac- involuntary (eg. Heart)
Muscular system • Types of movement • Flexion- shortening of muscle • Extension- lengthening of muscle • Abduction- movement away from body • Adduction- movement towards body
Muscular system • Supination- outward action of hand • Pronation- inward action of hand • Eversion- outward action of foot • Inversion- inward action of foot • Dorsi flexion- upward action of foot • Plantar flexion- downward action of foot
Circulatory system • Transportation of blood throughout the body • Removal of waste products • Consists of: • Heart - (ventricles, atrium, aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein) • Blood - (RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma) • Blood vessels - (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins)
Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Left ventricle → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava