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The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle

The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle. Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”]. US & the Western Democracies. GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [ George Kennan ]. GOAL  spread world-wide Communism. METHODOLOGIES:

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The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle

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  1. The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations[“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan] GOAL spread world-wide Communism • METHODOLOGIES: • Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] • Arms Race [nuclear escalation] • Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” • Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

  2. The Division of Berlin

  3. The Bipolarization of Europe

  4. George Kennan’s Foreign Policy of “Containment” • Strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States in the late 1940s and the early 1950s in order to check the expansionist policy of the Soviet Union. • In an anonymous article (‘Long Telegram’) in the July 1947 issue of Foreign Affairs,George F. Kennan, diplomat and U.S. State Department adviser on Soviet affairs, suggested a “long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies” in the hope that the regime would mellow or collapse.

  5. George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENTGoals Means Actual Application • Restorationof the balance of power Encouragement of self-confidence in nations threatened by Soviet expansion. Long-term program of U.S. economic assistance [Marshall Plan] Exploitation of tensions in international communism. Cooperation with communist regimes; [supporting Titoism in Yugoslavia] • Reduction of Soviet ability to project outside power.

  6. George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENTGoals Means Actual Application • Modification of the Soviet concept of international relations. Negotiating settlement of outstanding differences. Using “carrots & sticks’; containing Germany with an embrace and Russia at arms length.

  7. National Defense Budget [1940-1964]

  8. Korean War[1950-1953]

  9. Korean War[1950-1953] Kim Il-Sung Syngman Rhee “Domino Theory”

  10. The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]

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