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Respiratory System

Respiratory System. Function. Facilitate the exchange of gases . Purpose of breathing?. Gas exchange = take in O 2 and expel CO 2 (cellular waste). Why do we need oxygen?. Cellular Respiration  cellular energy (ATP) ATP is used to carry out cellular activity.

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System

  2. Function • Facilitate the exchange of gases

  3. Purpose of breathing? • Gas exchange = take in O2 and expel CO2 (cellular waste)

  4. Why do we need oxygen? • Cellular Respiration cellular energy (ATP) • ATP is used to carry out cellular activity

  5. Organs of the Respiratory System • Nose • Nasal cavity Red = upper • Paranasal sinuses respiratory tract • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea Black = lower • Bronchial tree respiratory tract • Lungs (alveoli)

  6. Breathing • Made possible by: • Diaphragm • Intercostal muscles • Ribs

  7. 2 stages of breathing • Inspiration/Inhalation = air entering • Diaphragm and intercostals contract  expansion of thoracic cavity  reduced partial pressure • Active phase • Expiration/Exhalation = air exiting • Diaphragm and intercostals relax  decrease of thoracic cavity  increased partial pressure • Passive phase

  8. The motor neuron that sends the signal to the diaphragm is the phrenic nerve.

  9. Breathing will be triggered by the brain when there is an accumulation of CO2 in the blood.

  10. The accumulation of CO2 changes the pH of the blood. This change is detected by chemoreceptors in the choratid artery and aorta.

  11. External respiration (breathing) allows for internal respiration (gas exchange) Will gas exchange happen every time we breath?

  12. No, gas exchange does not occur every time you inhale • The pressure of oxygen in the air must be greater than the pressure in the blood

  13. What besides low pressure of oxygen can prevent gas exchange?

  14. Lungs/alveoli never fully deflate during this process because of pleural membrane and surfactants (fluid components that protect the lungs)

  15. What happens when fluid fills the pleural space?

  16. Lungs are divided into lobes (3 on right; 2 on left) that function independently.

  17. When you inhale there is… • High O2 partial pressure in ______________ • High CO2 partial pressure in _____________ • So O2 moves to the ____________ and CO2 moves to the ______________

  18. Measurements of Lung Volume • Tidal Volume = quantity of air moved into and out of the lungs during normal breathing • Vital Capacity = maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of lungs • Expiratory Reserve = quantity of air that is forcefully expired after normal tidal expiration • Residual volume = quantity of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration

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