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Protists

Protists. Characteristics:. eukaryotic mostly unicellular may be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like in mode of nutrition (how they get food). A. Animal-like protists. protozoans – “first animals” heterotrophic classified by locomotive structures (how they move).

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Protists

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  1. Protists

  2. Characteristics: • eukaryotic • mostly unicellular • may be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like in mode of nutrition (how they get food)

  3. A. Animal-like protists • protozoans – “first animals” • heterotrophic • classified by locomotive structures (how they move)

  4. Animal-like protists • Phylum Ciliophora – ciliates -move by cilia – short, bristle-like structures for locomotion -use cilia to sweep in food -most free-living, some parasitic -ex: Paramecium (see p. 469)

  5. Animal-like protists • Phylum Sarcodina -move by pseudopods – “false feet”, by pushing cytoplasm in certain direction -have no definite shape -uses pseudopods to get food by phagocytosis -ex: Amoeba, radiolarians, heliozoans, foraminiferans see p. 464

  6. Animal-like protists • Phylum Zooflagellata – zooflagellates -use flagella – whiplike tails for locomotion -many parasitic; get food by absorption or phagocytosis -ex: Trichonympha – lives in termite gut Trypanosoma – lives in Tsetse fly; causes African sleeping sickness

  7. Animal-like protists • Phylum Sporozoa -all parasitic -no locomotion -complex life cycles with more than one host -ex: Plasmodium – causes malaria

  8. B. Plant-like protists • algae • autotrophic by photosynthesis • contain chlorophyll • classified by cell wall components

  9. Plant-like protists • Phylum Euglenophyta -use flagella or crawl in “euglenoid movement” -has flexible pellicle – thick membrane for protection -lives in fresh or salt water -photosynthetic, but if no light available, can be heterotrophic -no cell wall -ex: Euglena (see p. 467)

  10. Plant-like protists • Phylum Pyrrophyta – “fire algae” -use 2 flagella -have thick, armored plates -most marine (salt water) dwellers -cellulose cell walls -many are luminescent – give off light -ex: dinoflagellates – cause red tide

  11. Plant-like protists • Phylum Chrysophyta – golden algae -solitary or colonial -float in water -contain oil as food storage -marine or fresh water -cell walls of silica -ex: diatoms – used in toothpaste (see p. 466)

  12. C. Fungus-like protists • Phylum Acrasiomycota – cellular slime molds -complex life cycles -food by phagocytosis/absorption -independent cells that work together to form asexual reproductive structures -cellulose cell walls -ex: Dictyostelium (see p. 470)

  13. Fungus-like protists 2) Phylum Myxomycota – plasmodial slime molds -food by phagocytosis/absorption -produce structures called plasmodia that have thousands of nuclei in one large cell and crawls around to get food -ex. Physarum

  14. How do protists affect us? Beneficial • decomposers • major food source in aquatic food chains • used as abrasives in toothpaste • food source • used in many foods

  15. How do protists affect us? Harmful • cause disease (malaria, African sleeping sickness) • cause red tide • kill crops

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