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Lesson.3 The Rock Cycle ROCKS

Lesson.3 The Rock Cycle ROCKS. :-D. Rocks in the earth are constantly changing. Composition Shape. What exactly is rock?. A solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals, that range in all sizes (from pebbles to formations that are thousands of kilometers long). The Value of Rock.

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Lesson.3 The Rock Cycle ROCKS

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  1. Lesson.3The Rock CycleROCKS :-D

  2. Rocks in the earth are constantly changing. • Composition • Shape

  3. What exactly is rock? A solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals, that range in all sizes (from pebbles to formations that are thousands of kilometers long).

  4. The Value of Rock • Important natural resource. • Early humans made tools such as hammers, spears, knives, and scrapers. • Buildings, roads, and monuments. • Certain types of rocks have helped build ancient and modern civilizations. Concrete.

  5. Some Uses of Rocks • Tools (Scalpels) • Buildings • Utensils • Roads • Monuments • Provide clues to the past – history of the Earth (fossils) and the Universe (meteors) • Scientists study rocks from other planets

  6. Machu Picchu, Peru 600 A.D. Ancient Civilization Rock Structure

  7. The Rock Cycle • is the process by which one type of rock changes into another • There are 3 types of rock: • Sedimentary • Metamorphic • Igneous

  8. The Rock Cycle

  9. List the Processes that affect Rocks • Melting and Cooling • Heat and Pressure • Weathering and Erosion, Deposition • Compaction and Cementation, or Lithification 5. Uplift and Subsidence

  10. How are Rocks Classified? • By Composition – What minerals are present in the rock? For e.g. Granite may contain 10% Biotite, 35% Quartz, 55% Feldspar • By Texture. - Texture is determined by sizes, shapes and positions of grains it is made of: • Fine-grained: e.g. silt, clay, siltstone • Coarse-grained:e.g. large pebbles, conglomerate • Medium-grained- inbetween, e.g. granite, sandstone

  11. Answer these Qus. in your ntbk • List 2 ways rock is important to us today • What are the three major Rock types, and how can they be changed from one type to another? • How is lava different from magma? • Comparing Concepts. Explain the difference between texture and composition.

  12. Three Types of Rock • Igneous Rock • Sedimentary Rock • Metamorphic Rock

  13. Sedimentary rocks - • Made up of sediments eroded from igneous, metamorphic, other sedimentary rocks, and even the remains of dead plants and animals. • Sediments are deposited in layers, or strata, and then are squeezed/compressed/compacted into rock. • Most fossils are found in sedimentary rocks. • Examples: Sandstone, Shale, Conglomerate Limestone, Chert, Coal, Gypsum, Halite

  14. The City of Petra

  15. Fossils in sedimentary rock

  16. Igneous Rocks • Molten material such as magma (within the Earth) or lava (on the surface) cools and hardens. • The hot material crystallizes into different minerals. • The properties and sizes of the various crystals depend on the magma's composition and its rate of cooling. • Examples: Granite, Obsidian, Basalt, Pumice, Andesite , Diorite, Rhyolite

  17. Igneous coarse grained

  18. Igneous glassy texture

  19. Igneous Porphyritic texture

  20. Igneous Fine-grained

  21. Metamorphic Rock • Produced when sedimentary or igneous rocks are transformed by heat and/or pressure. • The word "metamorphic" comes from the Greek language, which means "to change form.“ • Example: Marble, Slate, Quartzite, Schist ,Gneiss

  22. Gneiss Amphibolite Quartzite Schist

  23. Analogy of granite and ice-cream http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~rmr/analogy.html • An Interactive Rock Identification Key http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/#Key • Rock Identification made easy • An animated view of the events in the rock cycle http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm?chapter_no=investigation • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm • http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/7.asp

  24. Real LifeI, Rock • Write a story from the point of view of a rock that moves through the rock cycle. Choose any type of rock: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, to start. • Explain the rock cycle from formation to decomposition. Write your story as if you were the rock. Imagine you are at the end of the your cycle and tell your life story. Explain what kind of rock you are, how you were formed, and what your journey has been like. • Give your rock a name and personality. • Your story should include your location and age at various stages of development. If you have been in contact with humans, explain the effects they have had on you and your interaction with them. Have humans used you to answer their questions about the earth? • Conclude your story with your predictions for changes in the earth's surface as you decompose. • Sympathize with the audience’s situation, if appropriate!

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