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Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Rocks and the Rock Cycle. Chapter 6. The Rock Cycle. What types of rocks were the first type on the Earth?. IGNEOUS. Bowen’s Reaction Series.

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Rocks and the Rock Cycle

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  1. Rocks and the Rock Cycle Chapter 6

  2. The Rock Cycle What types of rocks were the first type on the Earth?

  3. IGNEOUS

  4. Bowen’s Reaction Series Canadian Geologist, Norman L. Bowen, recognized that certain minerals tend to crystallize first. As they crystallize, they remove specific elements, changing the composition of magma as it cools.

  5. Partial Melting vs. Fractional Crystallization

  6. Intrusive Igneous Rocks Slow cooling below surface Visible crystals Extrusive Igneous Rocks Fast cooling at surface No crystals or very very small crystals Classification of Igneous Rocks

  7. Textures of Igneous Rocks Fine-grained (Rhyolite) Coarse-grained (Granite) Vesicular (pumice) Glassy (obsidian)

  8. Composition of Igneous Rocks FELSIC MAFIC

  9. Types of Lava

  10. Intrusive Igneous Rock Features

  11. Batholith – large mass (100 square km) of igneous rock • Stock – smaller version of a batholith Oregon Batholith after surrounding rock has been eroded away

  12. Half Dome, Yosemite National Park

  13. Stone Mountain. GA

  14. Laccolith – magma pushes overlying upward into an arch Bear Butte, Black Hills, South Dakota

  15. Sill – magma flows between layers of rock - horizontal

  16. Dike – igneous formation that cuts across rock layers - vertical A five-mile-long volcanic wall, a dike, radiating from Shiprock in distance

  17. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks Compaction Cementation

  18. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks • Halite and Gypsum • Form by precipitation of minerals from water when dissolved materials come out of water. Halite (Rock Salt) Evaporites precipitating from the hyper saline brine water in one of the playa lake, Thar desert Gypsum Rock

  19. Gypsum

  20. Gypsum Uses Plaster and Wallboard Other Uses of Gypsum

  21. Halite (Rock Salt)

  22. Organic Sedimentary Rock Formed from the remains of plants or animals Coal Chalk Coquina – limestone with fossil shells Limestone with Fossils

  23. Clastic Sedimentary Rock Form when fragments of rocks are compacted and cemented together Conglomerate (Round) Shale (Clay-sized particles) Sandstone (Sand-sized grains)

  24. Sedimentary Rock Features Cross-beds Stratification in the Grand Canyon Mud Ripples

  25. Metamorphic Rock • Contact Metamorphism - Due to contact with an igneous intrusion.

  26. Metamorphic Rock • Regional Metamorphism – occurs over a large area like a plate boundary

  27. Types of Metamorphic Rock • Foliated = layered or banded Slate: metamorphic shale Gneiss: metamorphic granite Schist – garnet and muscovite

  28. Granite >>>>>Schist

  29. Types of Metamorphic Rock Non-Foliated – No layers Quartzite: metamorphic quartz sandstone Marble: metamorphic limestone

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