Dossier 3 Economic Diversity During the British Regime

1. Dossier 3Economic Diversity During the British Regime Chapter 2 – Economy & Development Mr. Wilson LMAC

2. Recap – How did the British Regime begin?

3. Treaty of Utrecht 1713 http://www.champlain2004.org/html/12/1203_full_1_e.html

4. Led to the Deportation Of the Acadians

5. The Battle on the Plains Of Abraham 1763

6. Treaty of Paris

7. Recap on the Start of the British Regime Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 The Deportation of the Acadians The Battle on the Plains of Abraham The Treaty of Paris 1763

8. What was happening Economically? The Fur trade remained the main economic activity until… The British were suddenly involved in the Napoleonic Wars – which led to a need for… As a result – the Fur Trade was replaced by…

9. The Decline of the Fur Trade

10. The Decline of the Fur Trade The Scottish, the English, the Americans set up businesses Montreal – Why? The French companies disappear – Why? French Canadian Voyageurs – are they still around? Why?

11. The Decline of the Fur Trade In the North and the West = Fur Trade. In 1783 = the Northwest Company is formed (Land Prospecting). Fur Trade almost over – very low demand. HBC combines with the NWC. But by 1821 – The Fur Trade in Montreal stops completely.

12. The Northwest Company!

14. Reasons for the Change? Why did the Economic focus change so drastically under the British? (And as Historians – there is never just ONE answer!)

15. What had the Biggest Impact on the Economy at this point? The Quebec Act of 1774 U.S. War of Independence 1775-1783 The Napoleonic Wars INDUSTRIALIZATION

16. Reason #1

17. The Quebec Act 1774 Made provisions for the French living in the British colony. Made it legal to be Catholic, own land and run a business. Reinstated French Civil Law (marriages, disputes, etc.) while maintaining English Common Law (Administration, criminals, etc.)

18. Reason #2 American Independence

19. Reason #3 The Napoleonic Wars 1803-1815

20. Napoleon Bonaparte

21. Before Napoleon 18th century – England got it’s wood from… Why didn’t they buy timber from their colonies in North America? However, this suddenly changed when Napoleon arrived on the scene!

22. Napoleon’s Campaign 1806 – Napoleon’s Goal. Napoleon’s Grande Armée British Navy – The best To invade England, what does Napoleon have to do first?

24. The Blockade Forces England to get its wood from its colonies. Impact on New England’s economy? British investors – war effort. Ships using the St-Laurence – increases by… 600%

25. British Man-o-War

27. The Timber Economy • Lower Canada (Quebec) produced mainly SQUARE-SAWN TIMBER – used for ship parts and construction. • New Jobs created: • Lumber Jack • Loggers or Raftsmen • Stevedores or longshoremen • Carpenters and woodworkers • Labour for the lumber mills

29. The Timber Economy • Expansion of territory: • the Outaouais • Saguenay Lac-St-Jean and the • Mauricie • Lots of work = Increased STANDARD OF LIVING • What happens to the GDP?

31. The Timber Economy • Investors were obviously… • War is generally good for business. • The Bank of Montreal opened in 1817. • It is Canada’s oldest bank.

32. Side-Note! Early 19th century - England could no longer feed its population (i.e.: the Blockade) As a result, the Brits started relying on Canada’s wheat production to help out. Upper Canada produced most of the wheat, while Lower Canada produced more ANIMAL HUSBANDRY. Why?

33. Reason #4 Industrialization

34. Industrialization

36. Industrialization The 19th century = Industrialization. Master craftsmen suddenly replaced by unskilled workers. Industrial Capitalismstarts to compete with local tradesmen.

37. Industrialization Industrialization = URBANIZATION. People start moving to the cities for work. Trois-Rivières, Quebec and especially Montreal, with its huge port – were developing quickly. Why? Montreal – the largest in-land sea port in the world!

38. Industrial Economic Policy Protectionist Policy = where a government sets up customs and duties on its imports and exports in order to contain outside competition. So England would do business with its colonies…

39. Industrial Economic Policy • Liberalism Policy = this is the belief that the government should not interfere with economics. • Hence the idea of “Free Trade” • Naturally, who become Canada’s biggest business partner? Reasons: • Proximity • Large population = Large demand

40. Industrial Transportation Industrialization changed business. Transportation suddenly becomes extremely important. 1825 The construction of the Erie Canal in the U.S. Canada starts investing in its transportation network.

42. Canada’s Canals • The Lachine Canal (1821-1825) • So steam boats could go around the Lachine Rapids • The Rideau Canal (1826-1832) • Connecting the Ottawa river to Lake Ontario • The Chambly Canal (1833-1843) • Connects the Richelieu River to Lake Champlain.

46. Trains • The first Canadian railroad was inaugurated in1836. • It connected the South Shore of Montreal to St-Jean sur le Richelieu. • In 1848 – Montreal to Portland • In 1851 – the Great Trunk Railroad, from Sarnia ON to Montreal and Rivière-du-Loup.

47. Activity #4(Term 3?) Create a Timeline: • In your workbooks, make a timeline with the following information: • Indicate several key events which had an economic impact on British North America. • Then discuss the consequences (good or bad) for each of those key events.

48. Questions? (Ninja’s don’t need to ask questions…)