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Diet to Prevent and Manage chronic deseases. Dr. Nadia Saadat . Outline. Food choices Chronic diseases. Metabolic syndrome. Guidelines for Diabetic patients(calorie counting food label, glycemic index). Guidelines for managing Hypertension(Dash diet plan).
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Diet to Prevent and Manage chronic deseases Dr. Nadia Saadat.
Outline • Food choices • Chronic diseases. Metabolic syndrome. • Guidelines for Diabetic patients(calorie counting food label, glycemic index). • Guidelines for managing Hypertension(Dash diet plan). • Diet plan to reduce heart disease risk(Types of fat and how to choose). • Cancer prevention with diet( fiber, Phytochemicals vitamins) • Obesity
Our Source of Nutrients • FOOD • Fortified Food and Enriched Food- examples enriched flour and boxed cereal • Dietary Supplements – first find out if you need one
Functions of Nutrients • Provides Energy • Forming Structures • Regulating body Processes • Metabolism • Homeostasis
Chronic Diseases • Two types of diseases • Infectious and chronic Chronic Diseases • Diabeties (high blood glucose level) • Hypertension (high blood pressure) • Cardiovascular diseases • Some time present as Metabolic syndrome
Guidelines for Diabetic patients • Manage your blood glucose level near normal range. Test blood glucose levels before meal and or before going to bed. • Count your calories-use exchange list, food label or go to http://www.choosemyplate.gov/or http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ to calculate your calorie intake.
Guidelines for Diabetic patients • Choose foods to reduce blood cholesterol. • Take snacks and avoid consuming large meals. • Use whole grain products – low glycemic index
Glycemic response A measure of how quickly (rate/magnitude and duration) blood sugar rises after a meal
Guidelines for Diabetic patients In our cultural foods avoid • Coconut in cooking. • Deep fried dishes like puri, paratha, samosa, etc. • Vegetables like potato, sweet potato, beetroot, yam, arbi, etc. • Sweets, cakes, pastries,Baklava, ice creams, jam, jelly, marmalade and soft drinks. • Fruits like grapes, mango, chiku and sugarcane • Use only unsaturated oils, like canola, sunflower, olive oil etc.
Managing Hypertension with DASH Diet plan Key point of DASH Diet Plan • Reduce sodium intake • Vegetables 4-5 servings /day If canned take low sodium variety. • Whole grains 6-8 servings /day Whole wheat roti, begal brown rice • Fruits 4-5 servings /day
Managing Hypertension with DASH Diet plan • Dairy - 2-3 servings / day- low fat variety • Incorporate poultry and fish • Nuts, seeds and legumes 4-5 servings/day • Use oils instead of solid fats • Limit intake of fats to less than 30% • Reduce intake of refined sugars
Risk Factors for CVD Increased risk due to: 1. High total fat 2. High saturated fat 3. High cholesterol intake 4. Low intake of omega-3 fatty acids 5. High trans-fatty acids 6. Low intake of fiber, fruits, vegetables 7. Low intake of antioxidants, vitamin E
Trans Fatty acids- Double Sided Sword • Decrease HDL – Good Cholesterol • Increase LDL- Bad cholesterol VS Saturated fat- Increase LDL but no effect on HDL
Soluble-Reduce Dietary cholesterol absorption-decrease cardiovascular risk.
Preventing Cancer Through Diet • Energy intake • Obesity • Depends on site of cancer & other factors • Physical activity • Alcohol • Fat and fatty acids Omega-3, MUFA-in Mediterranean: protective Trans-fatty acid: increased risk for breast cancer Animal fat: correlation with colon cancer and prostrate cancer.
Which Diet Factors Affect Cancer Risk? • Red meats and processed meats • Smoking • Fiber-rich foods • Folate and antioxidant vitamins • Calcium and vitamin D • Food phytochemicals
Fiber • Two types- • InSoluble _Decrease colon cancer risk- block absorbtion toxins, Provide bulk, low glycemic load • Soluble-Reduce Dietary cholesterol absorbtion-decrease cardiovascular risk. • Ways fiber works against cancer • Dilution • Folate • Resident bacteria • Butyrate