Diet to Prevent and Manage chronic deseases

1. Diet to Prevent and Manage chronic deseases Dr. Nadia Saadat.

2. Outline • Food choices • Chronic diseases. Metabolic syndrome. • Guidelines for Diabetic patients(calorie counting food label, glycemic index). • Guidelines for managing Hypertension(Dash diet plan). • Diet plan to reduce heart disease risk(Types of fat and how to choose). • Cancer prevention with diet( fiber, Phytochemicals vitamins) • Obesity

4. Our Source of Nutrients • FOOD • Fortified Food and Enriched Food- examples enriched flour and boxed cereal • Dietary Supplements – first find out if you need one

5. Functions of Nutrients • Provides Energy • Forming Structures • Regulating body Processes • Metabolism • Homeostasis

6. Principles of Choosing a Healthy Diet

8. Chronic Diseases • Two types of diseases • Infectious and chronic Chronic Diseases • Diabeties (high blood glucose level) • Hypertension (high blood pressure) • Cardiovascular diseases • Some time present as Metabolic syndrome

9. www.mtyhd.org

10. The Ten Leading Causes of Death in the United States

12. Guidelines for Diabetic patients • Manage your blood glucose level near normal range. Test blood glucose levels before meal and or before going to bed. • Count your calories-use exchange list, food label or go to http://www.choosemyplate.gov/or http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ to calculate your calorie intake.

14. Guidelines for Diabetic patients • Choose foods to reduce blood cholesterol. • Take snacks and avoid consuming large meals. • Use whole grain products – low glycemic index

15. Glycemic response A measure of how quickly (rate/magnitude and duration) blood sugar rises after a meal

17. Guidelines for Diabetic patients In our cultural foods avoid •  Coconut in cooking. •  Deep fried dishes like puri, paratha, samosa, etc. •  Vegetables like potato, sweet potato, beetroot, yam, arbi, etc. •  Sweets, cakes, pastries,Baklava, ice creams, jam, jelly, marmalade and soft drinks. •  Fruits like grapes, mango, chiku and sugarcane •  Use only unsaturated oils, like canola, sunflower, olive oil etc.

19. Managing Hypertension with DASH Diet plan Key point of DASH Diet Plan • Reduce sodium intake • Vegetables 4-5 servings /day If canned take low sodium variety. • Whole grains 6-8 servings /day Whole wheat roti, begal brown rice • Fruits 4-5 servings /day

20. Managing Hypertension with DASH Diet plan • Dairy - 2-3 servings / day- low fat variety • Incorporate poultry and fish • Nuts, seeds and legumes 4-5 servings/day • Use oils instead of solid fats • Limit intake of fats to less than 30% • Reduce intake of refined sugars

21. Risk Factors for CVD Increased risk due to: 1. High total fat 2. High saturated fat 3. High cholesterol intake 4. Low intake of omega-3 fatty acids 5. High trans-fatty acids 6. Low intake of fiber, fruits, vegetables 7. Low intake of antioxidants, vitamin E

23. Trans Fatty acids- Double Sided Sword • Decrease HDL – Good Cholesterol • Increase LDL- Bad cholesterol VS Saturated fat- Increase LDL but no effect on HDL

29. Soluble-Reduce Dietary cholesterol absorption-decrease cardiovascular risk.

30. Preventing Cancer Through Diet • Energy intake • Obesity • Depends on site of cancer & other factors • Physical activity • Alcohol • Fat and fatty acids Omega-3, MUFA-in Mediterranean: protective Trans-fatty acid: increased risk for breast cancer Animal fat: correlation with colon cancer and prostrate cancer.

31. Which Diet Factors Affect Cancer Risk? • Red meats and processed meats • Smoking • Fiber-rich foods • Folate and antioxidant vitamins • Calcium and vitamin D • Food phytochemicals

33. Fiber • Two types- • InSoluble _Decrease colon cancer risk- block absorbtion toxins, Provide bulk, low glycemic load • Soluble-Reduce Dietary cholesterol absorbtion-decrease cardiovascular risk. • Ways fiber works against cancer • Dilution • Folate • Resident bacteria • Butyrate