Mercantilism Imperialism and Columbian Exchange

1. Mercantilism Imperialismand Columbian Exchange

2. Mercantilism Mercantilism – an economic policy where nations wanted to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.

3. Goal of Mercantilism • Under Mercantilism, a nation could increase its wealth in 2 ways • Obtain as much gold and silver as possible • Establish a favorable balance of trade (sell more goods than they bought) • The main goal of mercantilism was to become self-sufficient, not depending on other countries for goods.

4. Mercantilism and Europe Through exploration, Europe was able to find new lands which contained raw materials they did not have.

5. By colonization – setting up and controlling land – Europe was able to access these materials.

6. Imports They could import gold, silver, and raw materials from the colony to sell in their home markets. Merchants were able to buy these items and sell them at a profit to make money.

7. Exports Merchants could export European products to the colony to make money.

8. More Colonies As colonies developed, merchants became wealthy. Their wealth led to more exploration to set up more colonies.

9. Imperialism Imperialism – a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially.

10. Goal of Imperialism Under Imperialism, a nation controls another nation or land. The main goal of imperialism is to grow the home country and its ideas by controlling a weaker nation or land.

11. Imperialism and Europe Europe practiced imperialism with the colonies because they 1. Controlled all aspects of colony life 2. Funded exploration by providing ships, materials, supplies and other needs

12. Imperialism and the Colonies The colonists were involved in imperialism because they: 1. Were forced to follow the same laws as the home country 2. Provided economic gain for the home country. 3. Imported silver, gold and raw materials 4. Bought supplies from the home country

13. Mercantilism and Imperialism Mercantilism and Imperialism led to more exploration and colonization. As colonies were established, the home country exported materials to the colony which were bought at a profit by the colonists. As the colonies discovered new raw materials they were imported to the home country and sold by merchants at a profit. As merchants earned more profit, they re-invested part of their funds into more exploration and more colonization hoping to gain even more profit.

14. Colonization and Exploration

15. Success of Explorers To fund explorations, many merchants could give SOME money to the trip. This was called a joint-stock company. If the trip was successful and a new colony was established, everyone who put in some money shared in the profits. If the trip was unsuccessful, everyone lost only that portion of the money they contributed. Not all trips were successful, many died trying to find new lands and establish colonies.

16. Joint Stock Company Joint Stock Company Donald Adams, Benjamin Baker, David Copper, Andrew Fisher, Jacob Hunter, Lewis James, John Marks, Luke Robinson, Terry Sanders, William Wiley Each member gave $100 toward each colony attempt. Total $300 invested per person. New Colony A SUCCESSFUL New Colony B UNSUCCESSFUL New Colony C UNSUCCESSFUL Each member earned money on this colony! Each member lost $100 on this colony! Each member lost $100 on this colony!

17. The Columbian Exchange As colonies were established, Europe and the other home countries imported (brought IN) goods from the Americas: tomatoes, squash, pineapples, tobacco, cocoa beans, turkeys, corn, and potatoes. The home country exported (sent OUT) goods to the Americas horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, wheat, rice, barley, and oats. They also exported (sent OUT) to the Americas diseases which were deadly for the Native Americans including small pox and measles. These diseases, which were common in Europe, were not common in the Americas. They killed millions of Native Americans who were not able to treat the diseases.

18. The Columbian Exchange

19. The Columbian Exchange

20. Columbian Exchange Passage The crucial factor was not people, plants, or animals, but germs. The history of the United States begins with Virginia and Massachusetts, and their histories begin with epidemics of unidentified diseases. At the time of the Virginia colony at Roanoke in the 1580s the nearby Native Americans “began to die quickly. The disease was so strange that they neither knew what it was, nor how to cure it….”1 When the Pilgrims settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620, they did so in a village and on a coast nearly cleared of Native Americans by a recent epidemic. Thousands had "died in a great plague not long since; and pity it was and is to see so many goodly fields, and so well seated, without man to dress the same."2Smallpox was the worst and the most spectacular of the infectious diseases mowing down the Native Americans. The first recorded pandemic of that disease in British North America detonated among the Algonquin of Massachusetts in the early 1630s: William Bradford of Plymouth Plantation wrote that the victims “fell down so generally of this disease as they were in the end not able to help one another, no not to make a fire nor fetch a little water to drink, nor any to bury the dead.”In 1738 alone the epidemic destroyed half the Cherokee; in 1759 nearly half the Catawbas; in the first years of the next century two-thirds of the Omahas and perhaps half the entire population between the Missouri River and New Mexico; in 1837-38 nearly every last one of the Mandans and perhaps half the people of the high plains.Even if we add all the Old World deaths blamed on American diseases together the total is insignificant compared to Native American losses to smallpox alone. Based on the passage above, circle the correct answer to the following questions.1. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Explorers B. Diseases C. Colonies 2. What had the worst impact on the Native Americans? A. People B. Plants C. Germs 3. What was the worst disease for the Native Americans? A. Smallpox B. Catawbas C. Pandemic 4. Which Native American tribe was totally destroyed? A. Cherokee B. Omahas C. Mandans 5. According to the passage, “thousands had died in a plague not long since” what was the “pity”? A. The deaths of the Native Americans B. The land that was not being farmed C. The new plants and animals

21. Fill in the missing information Animals Plants Colonists & Imperialsim ______ Bought supplies from the home country Diseases Strong country dominates a weak country Politically Strong country dominates a weak country Economically Obtain large amounts of silver Obtain large amounts of gold Strong country dominates a weak country Socially Establish a favorable balance of trade

22. Timeline – based on the timeline to the left, answer the questions on the right. Aug 3, 1492 Columbus Sails Aug 12, 1492 Columbus Discovers the New World Nov 8, 1519 Cortés Arrives Jul 1, 1520 Aztec Attack Spanish Jul 8, 1520 Aztec Smallpox Aug 13, 1521 Aztecs Surrender 1525 Inca Smallpox Nov 16, 1532 Pizarro Captures Incas Mar 23, 1534 Spanish Conquest Jun 1, 1539 De Soto Expedition May 21, 1542 De Soto Dies 1682 La Salle Canoes down Mississippi 1700 Comanche Utilize Horses 1. Which happened first? a. Aztec attack Spanish b. DeSoto Dies c. Cortes Arrives 2. Who came last? a. Cortes b. Columbus c. DeSoto 3. Which happened to the Aztecs last? a. Spanish attack b. Smallpox c. Surrender 4. Which two things happened in the same year? a. Aztec attack Spanish and get Smallpox b. Columbus sails and discovers the New World c. Inca get smallpox and Pizarro conquers them 5. What river did LaSalle canoe down?___________________ 6. In what year did Columbus set sail?___________________ 7. Who did Pizarro capture? a. Aztecs b. Comanche c. Incas 8. How many years did DeSoto explore before he died? a. 2 years b. 3 years c. 4 years 9. What year did the Comanche begin to use horses?___________ 10. How many years did the Aztecs fight the Spanish? a. 1 year b. 20 years c. 100 years