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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT OF COMMON RESPIRATORY DISORDERS. COMMON COLD. Contagious viral, respiratory infection Contributing factors – chilling, fatigue, poor nutrition, not enough sleep Rx – stay in bed, drink warm liquids and fruit juice, good nutrition

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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  1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT OF COMMON RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

  2. COMMON COLD • Contagious viral, respiratory infection • Contributing factors – chilling, fatigue, poor nutrition, not enough sleep • Rx– stay in bed, drink warm liquids and fruit juice, good nutrition • GOOD HANDWASHING:best prevention

  3. PHARYNGITIS AND LARYNGITIS • Pharyngitis • Red, inflamed throat • Laryngitis • Inflammation of larynx • Symptoms – sore throat, hoarseness, loss of voice, difficulty swallowing

  4. BRONCHITIS • Inflammation of mucous membranes of trachea and bronchi • Symptoms– cough, fever, substernal pain and rales (raspy sound) • Chronic bronchitis – middle or old age, caused by cigarette smoking • Called “blue bloaters”: can’t get air in but can get air out

  5. INFLUENZA • Flu • Viral infection upper respiratory tract • Symptoms– fever, mucopurulent discharge, muscular pain, extreme exhaustion • Rx– symptomatic; treat the symptoms

  6. PNEUMONIA • Infection of lung • Caused by bacteria or virus • Alveoli fill with thick fluid • Symptoms– chest pain, fever, chills, dyspnea • Diagnosis– x-ray and listening to lungs (ausclutation) • Rx– oxygen and antibiotics

  7. TUBERCULOSIS • TB • Infectious bacterial lung disease • Tubercles (lesions) form in lungs • Symptoms– cough, low grade fever in the afternoon, weight loss, night sweats • Diagnosis– skin test (PPD), if positive, follow up with chest x-ray and sputum culture • Rx– antibiotics

  8. ASTHMA • Inflammatory airway obstruction • Caused by allergen or psychological stress • 5% of Americans have asthma • Symptoms – difficulty exhaling, dyspnea, wheezing, tightness in chest • Rx– antinflammatory drugs (i.e. steroids), inhaled bronchodilator

  9. EMPHYSEMA • Alveoli become distended, lose their elasticity, can’t rebound, may eventually rupture • Air becomes trapped in alveoli, can’t exhale, forced exhalation required • Called “pink puffers”: can get air in but not out • Dyspnea increases as disease progresses • Rx– alleviate symptoms, decrease exposure to respiratory irritants, prevent infections

  10. RELATED TERMS • Apnea: • __________________ • Dyspnea: • __________________ • Tachypnea: • __________________ • What does each mean? Clue –pnea means breathing/breath

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