2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria - Get food from an outside source

1. 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: • Bacteria- Get food from an outside source • Cyanobacteria- Make their own food • Bacteria -small one celled monerans • Bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment They are found almost everywhere: • -water -air • -soil -food • -skin -inside the body • -on most objects

2. 3 Shapes of Bacteria Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups: Spiral spirilla Rod-Shaped bacilli, bacillus Round cocci

3. Bacillus anthracis – (bacillus) – causes the disease anthrax in livestock (cows) Neisseriameningitidis (coccus) – causes meningitis, a life threatening disease where the brain becomes inflammed Leptospirainterrogans – (spirilla) 3 Shapes of Bacteria

4. Reproduction of Bacteria • Binary Fission-the process of one organism dividing into two organisms • Fission is a type of asexual reproduction • Asexual reproduction-reproduction of a living thing from only one parent

5. Reproduction of Bacteria • The time of reproduction depends on how desirable the conditionsare • Bacteria can rapidly reproduce themselves in warm, dark, and moist conditions • Some can reproduce every 20minutes • (one bacteria could be an ancestor to one million bacteria in six hours)

6. Bacteria Survival Endospore - a thick celled structure that forms inside the cell • they are the major cause of food poisoning • allows the bacteria to survive for many years • they can withstand boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions • it encloses all the nuclear materials • and some cytoplasm

7. Controlling Bacteria 3 ways to control bacteria: 1) Canning-the process of sealing food in airtight cans or jars after killing bacteria * endospores are killed during this process 2) Pasteurization-process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria 3) Dehydrating-removing water from food * Bacteria can’t grow when H2O is removed example: uncooked noodles & cold cereal

8. Harmful Bacteria • Pathogenic bacteria– bacteria which cause disease. Enter a body and take nutrients from the host or produce toxins • - Lyme disease - cholera • - bubonic plague - Tuberculosis • - salmonella • Communicable Disease – Disease passed from one organism to another

9. Helpful Bacteria • Decomposershelp recycle nutrients into the soil for other organisms to grow • Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay • Many are used to make • antibioticsthat can treat • bacterial diseases • Some bacteria help make insulinthat help people with diabetes • Used to make industrial chemicals

10. Helpful Bacteria • Used to treat sewage • Organic waste is consumed by the bacteria, used as nutrients by the bacteria, and is no longer present to produce odors, sludge, pollution, or unsightly mess. • foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are made from bacteria that grows in • milk

11. Controlling Bacteria Antiseptic vs. Disinfectants Antiseptic- chemicals that kill bacteria on living things • means – “against infection” Examples: iodine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, soap, mouthwash Disinfectants-stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving things

12. BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA • can be toxicto humans and animals Blooms- occur when the bacteria multiplies in great numbers and form scum on the top of the water