PErforM for work teams

1. Insert Industry relevant picture/photo Welcome Welcome everyone to the workshop Highlight where toilets are located, What to do in an emergency Introduce self Highlight where participants are from, Introductions etc Insert Industry relevant picture/photo Welcome Welcome everyone to the workshop Highlight where toilets are located, What to do in an emergency Introduce self Highlight where participants are from, Introductions etc

2. Workshop outline Manual task risk factors PErforM approach to manual tasks risk assessment Practical sessions using PErforM risk assessment tool Handbook and PErforM tool Refer to workshop program outline in participant folders. At the end of this session participants will : -have an understanding of the manual tasks risk factors -understand how to use the �perform� program in their workplace. - Have completed a practical activity using the PErforM tool, were we�ll examine a video to; IDENTIFY hazards ASSESS associated risks SUGGEST control measures --be able to participate in the management of manual tasks risks through the development and implementation of effective controls Refer group to the handbook and assessment tool in their handouts. N.B- participative session- encourage questions and discussion as we progress. Refer to workshop program outline in participant folders. At the end of this session participants will : -have an understanding of the manual tasks risk factors -understand how to use the �perform� program in their workplace. - Have completed a practical activity using the PErforM tool, were we�ll examine a video to; IDENTIFY hazards ASSESS associated risks SUGGEST control measures --be able to participate in the management of manual tasks risks through the development and implementation of effective controls Refer group to the handbook and assessment tool in their handouts. N.B- participative session- encourage questions and discussion as we progress.

3. PErforM Participative Ergonomics for Manual tasks (PErforM) Uses expert knowledge workers have of the tasks that they perform Gets workers, supervisors and other people talking about the problem to come up with solutions Today we will be talking about the participative ergonomics approach for manual tasks or the �PErforM program�. The workshop is aimed to be interactive and aims to provide you with the skills and tools so you can manage workplace risks associated with manual tasks. You are the experts � and a participative ergonomics method utilizes the expert knowledge that you have of your own tasks to complete risk assessments and develop controls. There is a wealth of knowledge and experience in this room. I will be trying to tap into this knowledge by referring to you at times for your thoughts and experience. I encourage you to also ask questions, and in particular if you have relevant experiences or knowledge it would be great for you to share them in this workshop so we can make this session even more useful. The advantages to this method include: the development of effective controls that you own . The controls will target the specific risk factors and importantly they will be useable by you, in your work environment � Consider a situation where external person chooses a control which is impractical/unsuitable for use by yourself and ends up being never used / waste of money. We are taking you through this approach because it has been used successfully in other industries Has anyone here already been involved in identifying manual task risks and controls ? Discuss benefits of sharing experiences (both successful and not so successful)Today we will be talking about the participative ergonomics approach for manual tasks or the �PErforM program�. The workshop is aimed to be interactive and aims to provide you with the skills and tools so you can manage workplace risks associated with manual tasks. You are the experts � and a participative ergonomics method utilizes the expert knowledge that you have of your own tasks to complete risk assessments and develop controls. There is a wealth of knowledge and experience in this room. I will be trying to tap into this knowledge by referring to you at times for your thoughts and experience. I encourage you to also ask questions, and in particular if you have relevant experiences or knowledge it would be great for you to share them in this workshop so we can make this session even more useful. The advantages to this method include: the development of effective controls that you own . The controls will target the specific risk factors and importantly they will be useable by you, in your work environment � Consider a situation where external person chooses a control which is impractical/unsuitable for use by yourself and ends up being never used / waste of money. We are taking you through this approach because it has been used successfully in other industries Has anyone here already been involved in identifying manual task risks and controls ? Discuss benefits of sharing experiences (both successful and not so successful)

4. Hazardous Manual Tasks Code of Practice  Guidance on how to manage risks related to manual tasks. Obligation holders must follow this way or follow a way that provides equal or a better level of protection. Hazardous Manual Tasks Code of Practice principles same as PErforM tool provides definitions and examples to guide decision making terminology and risk factor model slightly different to the PErforM program- as previously discussed The PErforM program will assist you in managing your hazardous manual tasks. Following it will assist you in meeting your obligations under the health and safety legislation. The COP will be available for downloading on the - WHSQ web site. The COP provides information on the manual tasks risk factors, how to assess these risks and how to control them. It also has some proformas and checklists which you can use to identify and assess manual tasks risks in your workplace. Hazardous Manual Tasks Code of Practice principles same as PErforM tool provides definitions and examples to guide decision making terminology and risk factor model slightly different to the PErforM program- as previously discussed The PErforM program will assist you in managing your hazardous manual tasks. Following it will assist you in meeting your obligations under the health and safety legislation. The COP will be available for downloading on the - WHSQ web site. The COP provides information on the manual tasks risk factors, how to assess these risks and how to control them. It also has some proformas and checklists which you can use to identify and assess manual tasks risks in your workplace.

5. Meaning of hazardous manual task �Means a task that requires a person to lift, lower, push, pull, carry or otherwise move, hold or restrain any person, animal or thing that involves one or more of the following: (a) repetitive or sustained force; (b) high or sudden force; (c) repetitive movement; (d) sustained or awkward posture; (e) exposure to vibration.� [Schedule 19 - Dictionary] This is the definition of a hazardous manual task in the National MTCOP. The definition covers the wide range of manual tasks not just lifting and carrying. The PErforM tool has a simple definition for the Manual task risk factors as you will see when we show it to you. Not all MT are a problem Its only the hazardous ones that you need to control. Practical : Ask work group to identify some hazardous manual tasks in their area- list on white boardThis is the definition of a hazardous manual task in the National MTCOP. The definition covers the wide range of manual tasks not just lifting and carrying. The PErforM tool has a simple definition for the Manual task risk factors as you will see when we show it to you. Not all MT are a problem Its only the hazardous ones that you need to control. Practical : Ask work group to identify some hazardous manual tasks in their area- list on white board

6. Manual tasks related injuries Single, one off exposure: due to maximum exertion or over load incident quite rare. Repeated exposure: ongoing wear and tear variety of risk factors more common. Combination of both of the above How do manual task injuries occur? Basically the musculoskeletal structure can become overloaded and then it fatigues. As with any supportive structure, fatigue can lead to damage and failure or in the case of the human body, a musculoskeletal injury. Occasionally a one off exposure to a severe load can result in a musculoskeletal injury, but more often most musculoskeletal injuries are caused through repeated wear and tear. To identify the manual tasks that are potentially putting ourselves or co-workers at risk, we need to understand manual tasks risk factors.How do manual task injuries occur? Basically the musculoskeletal structure can become overloaded and then it fatigues. As with any supportive structure, fatigue can lead to damage and failure or in the case of the human body, a musculoskeletal injury. Occasionally a one off exposure to a severe load can result in a musculoskeletal injury, but more often most musculoskeletal injuries are caused through repeated wear and tear. To identify the manual tasks that are potentially putting ourselves or co-workers at risk, we need to understand manual tasks risk factors.

7. PErforM Manual tasks risk factors Forceful exertions Working postures Repetition Duration Vibration These risk factors directly stress the body One or more must exist for a risk of injury In order to identify, assess, and control manual tasks risks we need to understand the risk factors. Research has identified 5 risk factors related to manual tasks that cause musculoskeletal injury. These are: Forceful exertions Working postures � awkward and static Repetition Duration Vibration. These risk factors are the same as those outlined in the MT COP. Ask the group to find the PErforM risk assessment tool in their folders, highlight the risk factors are the same as on worksheet 2. These risk factors directly stress the body and cause injury. At least one or more of these risk factors must be identified in order for a risk of injury to exist. However, the more risk factors identified the greater the risk. We will now spend some time going through each of these. In order to identify, assess, and control manual tasks risks we need to understand the risk factors. Research has identified 5 risk factors related to manual tasks that cause musculoskeletal injury. These are: Forceful exertions Working postures � awkward and static Repetition Duration Vibration. These risk factors are the same as those outlined in the MT COP. Ask the group to find the PErforM risk assessment tool in their folders, highlight the risk factors are the same as on worksheet 2. These risk factors directly stress the body and cause injury. At least one or more of these risk factors must be identified in order for a risk of injury to exist. However, the more risk factors identified the greater the risk. We will now spend some time going through each of these.

8. Forceful exertions Greater force - greater risk. Speed and jerk. Factors that increase effort. Forceful exertions place high loads on structures such as muscle, discs, ligaments and joints. The greater the force the higher the risk. The force is relative to the body part e.g. the muscles of the hand are smaller and can only tolerate a little force compared to the force the large legs muscles can tolerate. Forceful exertions require muscles to work hard which can cause fatigue in the muscle/s to occur more quickly. Fast movements require: Greater muscle forces, giving the same risk as forceful exertions Do not allow the body to compensate for unexpected changes, such as a tool slipping. Factors which can increase the effort required: Posture Loads � heavy/ bulky, difficult to grip, unpredictable Grips � with poor contact area Vibrating equipment � need to increase the grip to handle this equipment Observation skills - as part of doing a risk assessment you need to use your observation skills to gather information about the task. Highlight that participants probably already have good observation skills but explain that you will now look a the video and discuss what is being observed to indicate a force is being exerted. Note: if video footage demonstrating forceful exertions is available, show footage to the participants. If no footage is available discuss the photo shown on the slide eg tensing of hand, the fact you can see the thumb tendons and the tendons on the back of the hand. As well as using your observation skills you can assume that high forces are present when a worker describes a task as very demanding physically; a worker needs help to do task because of the effort it requires or the task requires a stronger person or two persons to do the task." (page 9 of Hazardous Manual Tasks COP 2011) N.B Consider inserting photos or video examples from your workplace of tasks that involve high or sudden forceForceful exertions place high loads on structures such as muscle, discs, ligaments and joints. The greater the force the higher the risk. The force is relative to the body part e.g. the muscles of the hand are smaller and can only tolerate a little force compared to the force the large legs muscles can tolerate. Forceful exertions require muscles to work hard which can cause fatigue in the muscle/s to occur more quickly. Fast movements require: Greater muscle forces, giving the same risk as forceful exertions Do not allow the body to compensate for unexpected changes, such as a tool slipping. Factors which can increase the effort required: Posture Loads � heavy/ bulky, difficult to grip, unpredictable Grips � with poor contact area Vibrating equipment � need to increase the grip to handle this equipment Observation skills - as part of doing a risk assessment you need to use your observation skills to gather information about the task. Highlight that participants probably already have good observation skills but explain that you will now look a the video and discuss what is being observed to indicate a force is being exerted. Note: if video footage demonstrating forceful exertions is available, show footage to the participants. If no footage is available discuss the photo shown on the slide eg tensing of hand, the fact you can see the thumb tendons and the tendons on the back of the hand. As well as using your observation skills you can assume that high forces are present when a worker describes a task as very demanding physically; a worker needs help to do task because of the effort it requires or the task requires a stronger person or two persons to do the task." (page 9 of Hazardous Manual Tasks COP 2011) N.B Consider inserting photos or video examples from your workplace of tasks that involve high or sudden force

9. Working postures Awkward Static Working postures Awkward postures are postures where joints are at or near the extreme of their movement, e.g. your head bent to the side so your ear is by your shoulder. Demonstrate Ideally we would work in a neutral posture. A neutral posture for the hand/wrist body part is a handshake position. Demonstrate Review neutral postures for each major joint in the body. Have the group stand up and participate Certain tasks may require the worker to adopt an awkward posture. This might be due to the design of the tool or object they are handling, or the layout of their task. Awkward postures can cause damage to the muscles and other tissues when in combination with forceful exertion, another awkward posture (or uncomfortable postures) e.g. back bent and twisted, repetitive action or if fixed for a prolonged period. Static or fixed postures such as prolonged sitting or standing can sometimes be more fatiguing than tasks that require moderate movement. Your body has to work hard to hold the posture (leading to quicker muscle fatigue), put greater stress on other tissue and give your body less flexibility to deal with unexpected changes. Can be caused by poorly designed work area, tools, equipment or work practices. Consider inserting examples from your workplace or video if available and discuss which joints are involved, how extreme the postures are and if they are static or awkward. Working postures Awkward postures are postures where joints are at or near the extreme of their movement, e.g. your head bent to the side so your ear is by your shoulder. Demonstrate Ideally we would work in a neutral posture. A neutral posture for the hand/wrist body part is a handshake position. Demonstrate Review neutral postures for each major joint in the body. Have the group stand up and participate Certain tasks may require the worker to adopt an awkward posture. This might be due to the design of the tool or object they are handling, or the layout of their task. Awkward postures can cause damage to the muscles and other tissues when in combination with forceful exertion, another awkward posture (or uncomfortable postures) e.g. back bent and twisted, repetitive action or if fixed for a prolonged period. Static or fixed postures such as prolonged sitting or standing can sometimes be more fatiguing than tasks that require moderate movement. Your body has to work hard to hold the posture (leading to quicker muscle fatigue), put greater stress on other tissue and give your body less flexibility to deal with unexpected changes. Can be caused by poorly designed work area, tools, equipment or work practices. Consider inserting examples from your workplace or video if available and discuss which joints are involved, how extreme the postures are and if they are static or awkward.

10. Mechanical vibration Whole body vibration Hand/arm vibration Mechanical Vibration Exposure to continuous or high intensity mechanical vibration is a concern as it increases the strain and wear and tear on the body. Vibration mechanically strains the body; it makes the muscles work harder (and thus fatigue quicker) and reduces the blood flow. Two sources of mechanical vibration include hand/arm or whole body: hand/arm vibration can be caused vibrating hand tools such as grinders, drills and circular saws, particularly if they are not properly maintained or not appropriate for the task. It can result in fatigue, pain, numbness, tingling, decreased sensation in the fingers, hand and arm. whole body vibration commonly results from sitting or standing on work surfaces that vibrate such as forklifts, tractors or platforms. It is associated with general discomfort and lower back pain. Note: Jarring actions on the body such as hammering or jumping out of a vehicle cab are not considered to be vibration. These tasks which cause forces on the body should be considered as a forceful exertion risk factor. AS 2763 may be referred to. Standard states that if the vibration exposure to the worker is in excess of 2.9 meters squared for 4 hours, then the worker would need to have health surveillance. Need to measure the amount of vibration. However as rule of thumb, if after using a power tool for a short time, the finger tips when touched together tingle, it indicates that the nerves and the blood flow has been affected � an indicator of a potential problem. You should then look at controls e.g. select low vibration tools, tools that are insulated, separating the worker from the source. Examples are concrete vibrators, chainsaws, compactors, jack hammers Mechanical Vibration Exposure to continuous or high intensity mechanical vibration is a concern as it increases the strain and wear and tear on the body. Vibration mechanically strains the body; it makes the muscles work harder (and thus fatigue quicker) and reduces the blood flow. Two sources of mechanical vibration include hand/arm or whole body: hand/arm vibration can be caused vibrating hand tools such as grinders, drills and circular saws, particularly if they are not properly maintained or not appropriate for the task. It can result in fatigue, pain, numbness, tingling, decreased sensation in the fingers, hand and arm. whole body vibration commonly results from sitting or standing on work surfaces that vibrate such as forklifts, tractors or platforms. It is associated with general discomfort and lower back pain. Note: Jarring actions on the body such as hammering or jumping out of a vehicle cab are not considered to be vibration. These tasks which cause forces on the body should be considered as a forceful exertion risk factor. AS 2763 may be referred to. Standard states that if the vibration exposure to the worker is in excess of 2.9 meters squared for 4 hours, then the worker would need to have health surveillance. Need to measure the amount of vibration. However as rule of thumb, if after using a power tool for a short time, the finger tips when touched together tingle, it indicates that the nerves and the blood flow has been affected � an indicator of a potential problem. You should then look at controls e.g. select low vibration tools, tools that are insulated, separating the worker from the source. Examples are concrete vibrators, chainsaws, compactors, jack hammers

11. Repetition Short cycle time < 30 seconds Continuously for one hour. Repetition also increases the strain and wear and tear on the body. There are even greater risks when repetition is combined with awkward postures and/or forceful exertion and/or fast movement and/or cold conditions. Repetition means making the same type of movements over and over e.g. laying bricks � insert industry relevant example The work cycle is the time taken to perform the task once without interruption. Tasks involving short cycle times of less than 30 seconds and performed for more than one hour are considered to be a risk because the same muscles and other soft tissues are being used continuously. Optional comment: The definition of repetition provided under PErforM is intended for simplicity. If you would like more detail you can refer to the Manual Tasks COP. Discuss video or photo from your workplace to illustrate repetition. Repetition also increases the strain and wear and tear on the body. There are even greater risks when repetition is combined with awkward postures and/or forceful exertion and/or fast movement and/or cold conditions. Repetition means making the same type of movements over and over e.g. laying bricks � insert industry relevant example The work cycle is the time taken to perform the task once without interruption. Tasks involving short cycle times of less than 30 seconds and performed for more than one hour are considered to be a risk because the same muscles and other soft tissues are being used continuously. Optional comment: The definition of repetition provided under PErforM is intended for simplicity. If you would like more detail you can refer to the Manual Tasks COP. Discuss video or photo from your workplace to illustrate repetition.

12. Duration Time taken to perform the task once or repeatedly without a break Amount of time exposed to a risk factor. Duration is the amount of time exposed to a risk factor e.g. vibration, awkward postures without a break. Long periods of activity without a break increase the strain and wear and tear on the body. Duration may be considered a significant risk factor when a task is performed continuously for one hour or longer. Remember work activities performed before and after a task being assessed may need to be taken into account, particularly if the task has similar physical demands. Discuss video or photo.Duration is the amount of time exposed to a risk factor e.g. vibration, awkward postures without a break. Long periods of activity without a break increase the strain and wear and tear on the body. Duration may be considered a significant risk factor when a task is performed continuously for one hour or longer. Remember work activities performed before and after a task being assessed may need to be taken into account, particularly if the task has similar physical demands. Discuss video or photo.

13. PErforM risk management process Identify hazardous manual tasks Assess the risk Find the solutions Implement controls Monitor and review expertise of workers management provides risk management systems and resources. The PErforM process for manual tasks risk management is the same risk management approach outlined in the WHS Act. However, as discussed previously the PErforM approach places a heavy emphasis on involving the worker in the process.The PErforM process for manual tasks risk management is the same risk management approach outlined in the WHS Act. However, as discussed previously the PErforM approach places a heavy emphasis on involving the worker in the process.

14. Identify hazardous manual tasks Making a change: new manual task created change to existing tasks/procedures/plant and equipment. Indications something is wrong: workers report problems, increased error, decreased productivity. After an incident/injury. Not all manual tasks are a problem. You only need to assess the hazardous ones. So how do we identify hazardous manual tasks? They can be identified when: making a change � consider the effects on workers when changing the work process, purchasing a new piece of equipment, etc. there is an indication something is wrong � observe work processes, speak with workers after an incident has happened It is a good idea to record the hazardous manual tasks you have identified on a hazard register. Q: What are some of the high risk manual tasks that exist in your specific workplace? Make a list on the whiteboard These may differ from those manual tasks identified already. You should consider these tasks and control their risks before an incident happens. Be proactive. Not all manual tasks are a problem. You only need to assess the hazardous ones. So how do we identify hazardous manual tasks? They can be identified when: making a change � consider the effects on workers when changing the work process, purchasing a new piece of equipment, etc. there is an indication something is wrong � observe work processes, speak with workers after an incident has happened It is a good idea to record the hazardous manual tasks you have identified on a hazard register. Q: What are some of the high risk manual tasks that exist in your specific workplace? Make a list on the whiteboard These may differ from those manual tasks identified already. You should consider these tasks and control their risks before an incident happens. Be proactive.

15. Assess the risk Analyze the task Identify the risk factors Risk factor assessment. The next step in the risk assessment process is to assess the risk. We will go through this in more detail in the slides to follow. Ask participants to get the PErforM risk assessment tool out of their folder. Also bring to their attention Appendix 1 of the PErforM handbook which has the risk assessment tool and instructions about how to complete it. Highlight to the group that this part of the training is about risk assessment only. Don�t let them jump to a discussion about controls. Tell the group that controls are covered later and should not be discussed until the risk assessment is completed. This is where we can really use the PErforM risk assessment tool. The first step in the risk assessment process is to assess the risk. To do that you need to: Look at the task � what do you see. Use your observation skills. The things you need to look for are the risk factors. It is sometimes tempting to jump straight to thinking about controls when a risk is identified. It is important, however to ensure the risk factors have been assessed to ensure the correct control is chosen. For example, if the risk factor is more related to awkward postures, reducing the weight of an item may not be the preferred control. Likewise, the problem may be more related to how long a person is performing the task and not so much the postures. It is therefore important to spend some time analysing the risk factors and the impact on the body. The next step in the risk assessment process is to assess the risk. We will go through this in more detail in the slides to follow. Ask participants to get the PErforM risk assessment tool out of their folder. Also bring to their attention Appendix 1 of the PErforM handbook which has the risk assessment tool and instructions about how to complete it. Highlight to the group that this part of the training is about risk assessment only. Don�t let them jump to a discussion about controls. Tell the group that controls are covered later and should not be discussed until the risk assessment is completed. This is where we can really use the PErforM risk assessment tool. The first step in the risk assessment process is to assess the risk. To do that you need to: Look at the task � what do you see. Use your observation skills. The things you need to look for are the risk factors. It is sometimes tempting to jump straight to thinking about controls when a risk is identified. It is important, however to ensure the risk factors have been assessed to ensure the correct control is chosen. For example, if the risk factor is more related to awkward postures, reducing the weight of an item may not be the preferred control. Likewise, the problem may be more related to how long a person is performing the task and not so much the postures. It is therefore important to spend some time analysing the risk factors and the impact on the body.

16. PErforM risk assessment tool Worksheet 1- Manual tasks risk assessment form: date of assessment and location risk assessors task description. We will now go through how to use the risk assessment tool so lets have a look at Worksheet 1 The first part of the PErforM risk assessment process involves thinking about the task that has been identified by the work team and breaking it down to identify any significant risk factors. The risk assessment tool is useful for recording brief notes about the task. Discuss why it is a good idea to have a written record of the assessment eg can refer to it at a later stage, assists with re-evaluation after controls have been implemented, provides evidence that a risk assessment was done. When you are doing the training with the work teams, you and the work team would have identified a task to assess. You would have taken some video of the task being performed so that the team can watch it during the training. It is easier to assess a task using the video rather than trying to assess it on site eg you don�t have all of the distractions that occur in the workplace, you can rewind the video tape and discuss what the group is observing. Go thru form headings in turn - Refer group to the handbook to get an idea of what to put in this section. Also draw their attention to the case studies in Appendix 2 of the handbook. Date and Workplace Risk assessors Task Description: Name of task: Why was this task selected: The tasks should be selected because you think they have problems. To identify these 'current problem' tasks look for tasks associated with reports of discomfort, fatigue, injury, poor productivity, awkward/difficult task to perform. You may also select the task if it is one of the primary tasks the work team performs. Location where task occurs: Who performs the task: General description: General description of the task, not the workplace procedure if there is one. It is intended to be a general overview as described by the work team. How do you describe the task? Eg How is the task done, what steps are taken to perform the task, how long does it take, how many times is it done, rest breaks, weight of objects, dimensions. Postures Forceful exertions Repetition and Duration Tools or equipment used Work/task organization and environment Discuss how information can be obtained regarding the above risk factors, tools and equipment, and work organisation and environment eg what questions might be asked or how measurements can be taken as well as observing the tasks and talking to the work team. When observing the task, look for evidence of the direct risk factors (working posture, vibration, repetition and duration, forceful exertions). Consider tool use and differences with workers. Work teams consider pain or discomfort experienced and with what part of the job or task, what aspects of the task they dislike and why, what parts of the task are physically difficult to perform (forceful exertions). More objective information about the task can be gathered by using a stop watch to measure cycle times or how long a task is performed, using a tape measure to measure distance travelled, the height of work surfaces, or the dimensions of objects handled, using scales or supplier information to identify the weight of objects handled. Other questions to ask include what other tasks do workers perform during their shift, breaks taken, have controls for this task been implemented previously - what has worked or not and why, is regular maintenance performed on the tools and equipment? We will now go through how to use the risk assessment tool so lets have a look at Worksheet 1 The first part of the PErforM risk assessment process involves thinking about the task that has been identified by the work team and breaking it down to identify any significant risk factors. The risk assessment tool is useful for recording brief notes about the task. Discuss why it is a good idea to have a written record of the assessment eg can refer to it at a later stage, assists with re-evaluation after controls have been implemented, provides evidence that a risk assessment was done. When you are doing the training with the work teams, you and the work team would have identified a task to assess. You would have taken some video of the task being performed so that the team can watch it during the training. It is easier to assess a task using the video rather than trying to assess it on site eg you don�t have all of the distractions that occur in the workplace, you can rewind the video tape and discuss what the group is observing. Go thru form headings in turn - Refer group to the handbook to get an idea of what to put in this section. Also draw their attention to the case studies in Appendix 2 of the handbook. Date and Workplace Risk assessors Task Description: Name of task: Why was this task selected: The tasks should be selected because you think they have problems. To identify these 'current problem' tasks look for tasks associated with reports of discomfort, fatigue, injury, poor productivity, awkward/difficult task to perform. You may also select the task if it is one of the primary tasks the work team performs. Location where task occurs: Who performs the task: General description: General description of the task, not the workplace procedure if there is one. It is intended to be a general overview as described by the work team. How do you describe the task? Eg How is the task done, what steps are taken to perform the task, how long does it take, how many times is it done, rest breaks, weight of objects, dimensions. Postures Forceful exertions Repetition and Duration Tools or equipment used Work/task organization and environment Discuss how information can be obtained regarding the above risk factors, tools and equipment, and work organisation and environment eg what questions might be asked or how measurements can be taken as well as observing the tasks and talking to the work team. When observing the task, look for evidence of the direct risk factors (working posture, vibration, repetition and duration, forceful exertions). Consider tool use and differences with workers. Work teams consider pain or discomfort experienced and with what part of the job or task, what aspects of the task they dislike and why, what parts of the task are physically difficult to perform (forceful exertions). More objective information about the task can be gathered by using a stop watch to measure cycle times or how long a task is performed, using a tape measure to measure distance travelled, the height of work surfaces, or the dimensions of objects handled, using scales or supplier information to identify the weight of objects handled. Other questions to ask include what other tasks do workers perform during their shift, breaks taken, have controls for this task been implemented previously - what has worked or not and why, is regular maintenance performed on the tools and equipment?

17. Worksheet 2 � risk factor assessment Risk factors: exertion awkward posture vibration duration repetition. Body map: body part. Refer to the general headings of Worksheet 2. Worksheet 2 is where you assess the risk. Point out Instructions Risk factors Body map then take each in turn � go to body map slideRefer to the general headings of Worksheet 2. Worksheet 2 is where you assess the risk. Point out Instructions Risk factors Body map then take each in turn � go to body map slide

18. Firstly, think about the parts of the body that are primarily affected when performing the task. Refer participants to the instructions 1 & 2 on worksheet 2 which are: Indicate on the body chart which area(s) of the body you feel is affected by the task. Suggestion: Ask workers which body parts get tired or sore when they perform the task. This will differ between workers. If more than one body part is affected you may shade the different body parts in different colours. If so, use the matching colour when scoring the risk factors( e.g. red for arms on the body and score sheet, blue for low back on the body and score sheet). Additional notes: For the purpose of analysis you may wish to combine different body parts. E.g. combine shoulders and neck; or wrist and elbow. There are no right or wrong answers � workers can assess as many body parts as they believe are affected by the task. Circle the label for the part of the body being assessed on that sheet. Indicate which side of the body part is affected or both. Firstly, think about the parts of the body that are primarily affected when performing the task. Refer participants to the instructions 1 & 2 on worksheet 2 which are: Indicate on the body chart which area(s) of the body you feel is affected by the task. Suggestion: Ask workers which body parts get tired or sore when they perform the task. This will differ between workers. If more than one body part is affected you may shade the different body parts in different colours. If so, use the matching colour when scoring the risk factors( e.g. red for arms on the body and score sheet, blue for low back on the body and score sheet). Additional notes: For the purpose of analysis you may wish to combine different body parts. E.g. combine shoulders and neck; or wrist and elbow. There are no right or wrong answers � workers can assess as many body parts as they believe are affected by the task. Circle the label for the part of the body being assessed on that sheet. Indicate which side of the body part is affected or both.

19. The five risk factors are rated on a 1 to 5 scale Highlight: Each risk factor is rated separately Think about the task. Focus on the risk factors associated with performing the task. Identify which of the direct risk factors you can see. (Do not focus on worker behaviour or worker characteristics) There are some words that help with the decision making along with the numbers. There is no right or wrong in determining the level or risk. If in doubt, refer to risk factor information and discuss amongst the work team. The five risk factors are rated on a 1 to 5 scale Highlight: Each risk factor is rated separately Think about the task. Focus on the risk factors associated with performing the task. Identify which of the direct risk factors you can see. (Do not focus on worker behaviour or worker characteristics) There are some words that help with the decision making along with the numbers. There is no right or wrong in determining the level or risk. If in doubt, refer to risk factor information and discuss amongst the work team.

20. The five risk factors are rated on a 1 to 5 scale with 5 being high risk and 1 being no risk. Although this scale is subjective and there is no right or wrong answer, results from other workshops and workplaces who have used the tool indicate that ratings between assessors tended to be quite consistent. Scores of 4 or 5 require control and you may even consider controls for a score of 3. The five risk factors are rated on a 1 to 5 scale with 5 being high risk and 1 being no risk. Although this scale is subjective and there is no right or wrong answer, results from other workshops and workplaces who have used the tool indicate that ratings between assessors tended to be quite consistent. Scores of 4 or 5 require control and you may even consider controls for a score of 3.

21. Example Here is an example of a completed risk factor assessment. In this example you can see that there is a high risk for the shoulders and the lower back in regards to force posture and duration and a high risk for the wrists in regards to duration and cycle time. Controls (which will be discussed later in the workshop) should be aimed at reducing these risks. This assessment can be used to re assess the task after controls have been implemented to see if the desired risk reduction has occurred. Some limitations of the PErforM risk assessment PErforM is a simplified manual tasks risk management approach and as such, there are some compromises with the use of PErforM. For example: Complex tasks may require the use of other ergonomic assessment tools, or the engagement of an expert to assist with the assessment and development of controls. The need for greater expertise may also be identified when prioritising control options. The risk assessment tool does not take into account the cumulative effect of the range of manual tasks a worker may perform during their shift. As a result, work teams will need to make some judgements about: which tasks are the hazardous tasks the priority order for their assessment whether the worker is being exposed to similar risk factors throughout the shift despite performing different tasks. If this is the case, consider controls which minimise the cumulative risk. Here is an example of a completed risk factor assessment. In this example you can see that there is a high risk for the shoulders and the lower back in regards to force posture and duration and a high risk for the wrists in regards to duration and cycle time. Controls (which will be discussed later in the workshop) should be aimed at reducing these risks. This assessment can be used to re assess the task after controls have been implemented to see if the desired risk reduction has occurred. Some limitations of the PErforM risk assessment PErforM is a simplified manual tasks risk management approach and as such, there are some compromises with the use of PErforM. For example: Complex tasks may require the use of other ergonomic assessment tools, or the engagement of an expert to assist with the assessment and development of controls. The need for greater expertise may also be identified when prioritising control options. The risk assessment tool does not take into account the cumulative effect of the range of manual tasks a worker may perform during their shift. As a result, work teams will need to make some judgements about: which tasks are the hazardous tasks the priority order for their assessment whether the worker is being exposed to similar risk factors throughout the shift despite performing different tasks. If this is the case, consider controls which minimise the cumulative risk.

22. Practical session Video case study Use the PErforM risk assessment tool to: identify risk factors (worksheet 1) assess the risk (worksheet 2). Now we are going to practice using the risk assessment tool by assessing the task on the video. Ask participants to get the blank risk assessment tool out of their folder. When training work teams, make sure that you are familiar with the video and the task before you run the workshop and have a clear and confident idea of how to complete both worksheets. Now we are going to practice using the risk assessment tool by assessing the task on the video. Ask participants to get the blank risk assessment tool out of their folder. When training work teams, make sure that you are familiar with the video and the task before you run the workshop and have a clear and confident idea of how to complete both worksheets.

23. Practical session Worksheet 1- Manual tasks risk assessment form: date and workplace risk assessors task description. This is a training exercise to get the work teams familiar with the risk assessment process. The focus of Worksheet 1 is on identifying the manual tasks risk factors. Instructions Ask the participants to get together in small groups eg 3 or 4 participants per group. During this session, the trainer needs to circulate between the groups to check if they are having difficulties, are on the right track and to keep them focused on the task at hand. Remind the groups not to talk about controls. Development of controls will be discussed later on in the workshop. If required, the PErforM handbook can be referred to for instructions on completing the risk assessment tool and case study examples. Provide groups with information about the task as required on Worksheet 1: What the task is that is being performed Why it was identified for assessment Watch the video (will need to replay several times). The groups should complete Worksheet 1. They should ask questions of the trainer in order to get the information required to complete the worksheet. Discussion Ask groups to report back. Come to consensus about the risk factors identified by the groups. This is a training exercise to get the work teams familiar with the risk assessment process. The focus of Worksheet 1 is on identifying the manual tasks risk factors. Instructions Ask the participants to get together in small groups eg 3 or 4 participants per group. During this session, the trainer needs to circulate between the groups to check if they are having difficulties, are on the right track and to keep them focused on the task at hand. Remind the groups not to talk about controls. Development of controls will be discussed later on in the workshop. If required, the PErforM handbook can be referred to for instructions on completing the risk assessment tool and case study examples. Provide groups with information about the task as required on Worksheet 1: What the task is that is being performed Why it was identified for assessment Watch the video (will need to replay several times). The groups should complete Worksheet 1. They should ask questions of the trainer in order to get the information required to complete the worksheet. Discussion Ask groups to report back. Come to consensus about the risk factors identified by the groups.

24. Worksheet 2- Risk factor assessment Body map: which body parts are affected? Practical session Worksheet 2 Instructions Advise the groups to watch the video again and complete the Body map by shading in the parts of the body that are primarily affected during the task. Remind them that body parts may be combined eg the shoulder and neck. Provide the groups with different coloured pens or pencils Play video & replay as needed. Discussion Get each group to report back about the body parts they identified. May need to draw body map on white board or butchers paper. Allow enough room next to the body map for the next section on rating the risk factors. Worksheet 2 Instructions Advise the groups to watch the video again and complete the Body map by shading in the parts of the body that are primarily affected during the task. Remind them that body parts may be combined eg the shoulder and neck. Provide the groups with different coloured pens or pencils Play video & replay as needed. Discussion Get each group to report back about the body parts they identified. May need to draw body map on white board or butchers paper. Allow enough room next to the body map for the next section on rating the risk factors.

25. Hierarchy of control The ways of controlling the risk are ranked from the highest level of protection and reliability to the lowest as shown in the slide. The most preferred option of all hazards? is Elimination If it is not practical to eliminate the hazard you should work down the hierarchy The Manual Tasks regulation requires PCBU's to work through the hierachy (S36). Note: The levels on the slide refer to page 21 of new code and page 14 of the How to Manage Work Health and Safety Risks C of P 2011. Engineering controls are preferred over administrative controls because they eliminate or minimise the risk and are permanent. Administrative controls are reliant on human behaviour ie the worker following the correct procedure, they only reduce exposure to the risk, may be forgotten under stressful conditions, and require ongoing supervision. In talking to industry many organisations are relying on administrative controls to managing manual tasks risk, For example �lifting technique training�. Our key message is to lift your gaze to the top of the hierarchy rather relying on lower order less effective administrative controls. The ways of controlling the risk are ranked from the highest level of protection and reliability to the lowest as shown in the slide. The most preferred option of all hazards? is Elimination If it is not practical to eliminate the hazard you should work down the hierarchy The Manual Tasks regulation requires PCBU's to work through the hierachy (S36). Note: The levels on the slide refer to page 21 of new code and page 14 of the How to Manage Work Health and Safety Risks C of P 2011. Engineering controls are preferred over administrative controls because they eliminate or minimise the risk and are permanent. Administrative controls are reliant on human behaviour ie the worker following the correct procedure, they only reduce exposure to the risk, may be forgotten under stressful conditions, and require ongoing supervision. In talking to industry many organisations are relying on administrative controls to managing manual tasks risk, For example �lifting technique training�. Our key message is to lift your gaze to the top of the hierarchy rather relying on lower order less effective administrative controls.

26. Elimination Eliminate the problem task completely ( eg, automate a complete job process or aspect of a particular task); deliver goods directly to the point of contact to eliminate multiple handling Example is manually sorting tomatoes compared with automated systemEliminate the problem task completely ( eg, automate a complete job process or aspect of a particular task); deliver goods directly to the point of contact to eliminate multiple handling Example is manually sorting tomatoes compared with automated system

27. Substitution Replace heavy items with lighter, smaller and or easier to handle items Replace hand tools with power tools to reduce the level of force required to do the task Substitute a cotton mop- head with one made of micro fibre Use a Polypropylene wheel barrow instead of steelReplace heavy items with lighter, smaller and or easier to handle items Replace hand tools with power tools to reduce the level of force required to do the task Substitute a cotton mop- head with one made of micro fibre Use a Polypropylene wheel barrow instead of steel

28. Isolation Isolation means to separate the hazard in time or space from the person at risk Isolate vibrating equipment from the user, for example remote control miningIsolation means to separate the hazard in time or space from the person at risk Isolate vibrating equipment from the user, for example remote control mining

29. Engineering An engineering control is a control measure that is phycial in nature , including a mechanical device or process. This covers quite a broad area including, alternate layouts and design, mechanical lifting devices , Alternate tools Example is paving by hand versus a paving machine where workers are in an improved postural positionAn engineering control is a control measure that is phycial in nature , including a mechanical device or process. This covers quite a broad area including, alternate layouts and design, mechanical lifting devices , Alternate tools Example is paving by hand versus a paving machine where workers are in an improved postural position

30. Administration / PPE Job rotation Arrange workflows to avoid peak physical and mental demands Task specific training Anti-vibration gloves Shock absorbent footwear These control measures do not control the hazard at the source. They rely on human behaviour and supervision and used on their own tend to be the least effective in minimising risks. Two approached to minimise risk in this way are Administrative controls Personal protective equipmentThese control measures do not control the hazard at the source. They rely on human behaviour and supervision and used on their own tend to be the least effective in minimising risks. Two approached to minimise risk in this way are Administrative controls Personal protective equipment

31. Risk controls Developing control ideas: identify the cause (risk factors) consult with workers and others look for different ways look at similar tasks for ideas find out what are others are doing talk to suppliers trial before implementation. How do you develop control ideas? Brainstorm � look for all possible control options to reduce the risks for this task. Make a rule with the work team that we can work outside the square, any idea is ok. Don�t dismiss ideas at this stage. Develop ideas for controls by: look at what is causing the risk and change these factors Talk to workers and others who may can contribute eg engineers Be creative - think of different or new ways of doing the task look at similar tasks and see how they are done, if they have a solution/control Find out what other workplaces are doing by talking to work teams, supervisors or work colleagues/acquaintances who may do similar work Talk to suppliers, find out what is available or raise your problem with them. They may be able to suggest something or come up with a new product. Always trial controls before implementation How do you develop control ideas? Brainstorm � look for all possible control options to reduce the risks for this task. Make a rule with the work team that we can work outside the square, any idea is ok. Don�t dismiss ideas at this stage. Develop ideas for controls by: look at what is causing the risk and change these factors Talk to workers and others who may can contribute eg engineers Be creative - think of different or new ways of doing the task look at similar tasks and see how they are done, if they have a solution/control Find out what other workplaces are doing by talking to work teams, supervisors or work colleagues/acquaintances who may do similar work Talk to suppliers, find out what is available or raise your problem with them. They may be able to suggest something or come up with a new product. Always trial controls before implementation

32. Focus controls on sources of risk Change design or layout of work areas Changing the nature, size, weight or number of persons, animals and things handled Systems of work Work environment When a manual task risk factor has been identified, it is important to identify what is causing it. In order to eliminate or minimize the risks, controls should be aimed at: Change design or layout of work areas Changing the nature, size, weight or number of persons, animals and things handled Systems of work Work environment These are the things that are causing the manual tasks risk factors. If you fix these things you will take away the problems that are affecting the body. When a manual task risk factor has been identified, it is important to identify what is causing it. In order to eliminate or minimize the risks, controls should be aimed at: Change design or layout of work areas Changing the nature, size, weight or number of persons, animals and things handled Systems of work Work environment These are the things that are causing the manual tasks risk factors. If you fix these things you will take away the problems that are affecting the body.

33. Work area design / layout Minimise: Degree of reaching Reduce exertion Twisting or bending Good design includes: suitable working heights adequate space frequently used items in easy reach Adjustable to suit all workers Throughout the following slides it is good to have industry specific examples of suggested controls. You may wish to insert different examples/photos to reflect your workplace/industry. Work Area Design Work area is where the job is based and includes work bench, seating, layout of workstation. A well designed work area: reduces exertion e.g. reduces reach distance reduces awkward postures e.g. reduces bending, twisting, fixed postures Reduces whole body vibration Guidelines for work area design include: Provide suitable working heights matched to the task demands e.g. adjust work bench height to reduce back and neck bending (if working height is too low) or shoulder and arms raising (if too high) Provide adequate space to minimise awkward postures Effective placement of all components of the task to minimise reach and access Provide for adjustability to accommodate a wide variety of physical size, shapes and dimensions i.e. suitable for people of different heights and sizes. Provide appropriate seating suited to the individual and the task. Storage areas are often an area that is easy to improve the design of , reducing manual task risk factors. Throughout the following slides it is good to have industry specific examples of suggested controls. You may wish to insert different examples/photos to reflect your workplace/industry. Work Area Design Work area is where the job is based and includes work bench, seating, layout of workstation. A well designed work area: reduces exertion e.g. reduces reach distance reduces awkward postures e.g. reduces bending, twisting, fixed postures Reduces whole body vibration Guidelines for work area design include: Provide suitable working heights matched to the task demands e.g. adjust work bench height to reduce back and neck bending (if working height is too low) or shoulder and arms raising (if too high) Provide adequate space to minimise awkward postures Effective placement of all components of the task to minimise reach and access Provide for adjustability to accommodate a wide variety of physical size, shapes and dimensions i.e. suitable for people of different heights and sizes. Provide appropriate seating suited to the individual and the task. Storage areas are often an area that is easy to improve the design of , reducing manual task risk factors.

34. Changing the nature, size, weight or number of persons, animals and things handled Minimise: force vibration awkward/static postures. Consider: Load handling Tools and equipment Maintenance. Consider size of loads when handling. Making it smaller may reduce the exertion or making It larger to become managed by mechanical means Reduce the size or capacity of containers Consider Tool Design A well designed tool: reduces exertion e.g. reduces effort to grip or balance tool reduces hand arm vibration reduces awkward postures e.g. reduces bending of wrist Maintenance on tools and equipment may reduce unnecessary exertion or excessive vibrationConsider size of loads when handling. Making it smaller may reduce the exertion or making It larger to become managed by mechanical means Reduce the size or capacity of containers Consider Tool Design A well designed tool: reduces exertion e.g. reduces effort to grip or balance tool reduces hand arm vibration reduces awkward postures e.g. reduces bending of wrist Maintenance on tools and equipment may reduce unnecessary exertion or excessive vibration

35. System of work Minimises repetition and duration time pressures and stress. Guidelines include: control work load suitable work pace task variation maintenance schedules match task demands with workers� capability training. Good work organisation allows for: provision of postural variety, flexible tasks and times minimised time pressures and stress consultative processes Consider: Control the work loads. Minimise peaks in workload through appropriate staffing levels, preparing work in off peak periods or rearrangement of material flow. Set suitable work pace. Ensure reasonable/adequate work rates particularly with risk factors at an unsafe level. Provide task variation. This allows for postural variety. Develop maintenance schedules. Maintenance on equipment can reduce the effort required and may prevent awkward postures. Match task demands with workers� physical and functional capacity. See that the job is suitable for the worker e.g. returning from long absence, injury or pregnancy. Training. It is important workers are training in the correct work practices and training is updated when the job changes. Good work organisation allows for: provision of postural variety, flexible tasks and times minimised time pressures and stress consultative processes Consider: Control the work loads. Minimise peaks in workload through appropriate staffing levels, preparing work in off peak periods or rearrangement of material flow. Set suitable work pace. Ensure reasonable/adequate work rates particularly with risk factors at an unsafe level. Provide task variation. This allows for postural variety. Develop maintenance schedules. Maintenance on equipment can reduce the effort required and may prevent awkward postures. Match task demands with workers� physical and functional capacity. See that the job is suitable for the worker e.g. returning from long absence, injury or pregnancy. Training. It is important workers are training in the correct work practices and training is updated when the job changes.

36. Work Environment Vibration exposure Cold conditions Heat and Humidity Windy conditions Floors and surfaces Lighting The work environment can be a source of risk for MSD when performing manual tasks. Consider: - the impact whole body or hand arm vibration have on the worker. Improving vehicle suspension, road maintenance, vehicle speed , substitute alternate manufacturing methods or processes to eliminate the need for vibrating equipment- are some areas that can be addressed to reduce risk -Control the exposure of cold to you workers by regular rest breaks in a warm place, appropriate clothing and footwear -Consider impact of heat and humidity- providing a cool, well ventilated area for breaks , drinking water, work schedules, ventilation and cooling systems.\ -Consider co-ordinating tasks during low wind conditions -Keep work areas clean and tidy and free of clutter- Housekeeping -Select lighting to suit the task performed- prevent awkward or sustained postures that may arise from low or excessive lighting levelsThe work environment can be a source of risk for MSD when performing manual tasks. Consider: - the impact whole body or hand arm vibration have on the worker. Improving vehicle suspension, road maintenance, vehicle speed , substitute alternate manufacturing methods or processes to eliminate the need for vibrating equipment- are some areas that can be addressed to reduce risk -Control the exposure of cold to you workers by regular rest breaks in a warm place, appropriate clothing and footwear -Consider impact of heat and humidity- providing a cool, well ventilated area for breaks , drinking water, work schedules, ventilation and cooling systems.\ -Consider co-ordinating tasks during low wind conditions -Keep work areas clean and tidy and free of clutter- Housekeeping -Select lighting to suit the task performed- prevent awkward or sustained postures that may arise from low or excessive lighting levels

37. Developing control ideas: identify the cause (risk factors) consult with workers and others look for different ways look at similar tasks for ideas find out what are others are doing talk to suppliers trial before implementation. Risk controls How do you develop control ideas? Brainstorm � look for all possible control options to reduce the risks for this task. Make a rule with the work team that we can work outside the square, any idea is ok. Don�t dismiss ideas at this stage. Develop ideas for controls by: look at what is causing the risk and change these factors Talk to workers and others who may can contribute eg engineers Be creative - think of different or new ways of doing the task look at similar tasks and see how they are done, if they have a solution/control Find out what other workplaces are doing by talking to work teams, supervisors or work colleagues/acquaintances who may do similar work Talk to suppliers, find out what is available or raise your problem with them. They may be able to suggest something or come up with a new product. Always trial controls before implementation How do you develop control ideas? Brainstorm � look for all possible control options to reduce the risks for this task. Make a rule with the work team that we can work outside the square, any idea is ok. Don�t dismiss ideas at this stage. Develop ideas for controls by: look at what is causing the risk and change these factors Talk to workers and others who may can contribute eg engineers Be creative - think of different or new ways of doing the task look at similar tasks and see how they are done, if they have a solution/control Find out what other workplaces are doing by talking to work teams, supervisors or work colleagues/acquaintances who may do similar work Talk to suppliers, find out what is available or raise your problem with them. They may be able to suggest something or come up with a new product. Always trial controls before implementation

38. Video case study Use the PErforM risk assessment tool to: identify risk controls (worksheet 2). Now go back to the PerforM risk assessment tool Worksheet 2 and ask the groups to discuss control options for case study. Instruction ensure controls are linked back to those factors and body parts that rated a 4 or 5 in the risk factor assessment. Work teams may focus on lower order controls or come up with control ideas without thinking about what the cause of the problem is eg forceful exertions to the arm from using a hammer repeatedly. In this example controls need to focus on why there is a high force eg the facto the worker is manually using a hammer to break a concrete pipe. To decrease the force another method of cutting the pipe needs to be found. Tell them to brainstorm and that �the sky is the limit�. All ideas are good ideas and cost is not a problem (at this stage). Ask them to think about the �best� controls and to refer to the hierarchy of controls. What can be done now? What can be done in the future?Now go back to the PerforM risk assessment tool Worksheet 2 and ask the groups to discuss control options for case study. Instruction ensure controls are linked back to those factors and body parts that rated a 4 or 5 in the risk factor assessment. Work teams may focus on lower order controls or come up with control ideas without thinking about what the cause of the problem is eg forceful exertions to the arm from using a hammer repeatedly. In this example controls need to focus on why there is a high force eg the facto the worker is manually using a hammer to break a concrete pipe. To decrease the force another method of cutting the pipe needs to be found. Tell them to brainstorm and that �the sky is the limit�. All ideas are good ideas and cost is not a problem (at this stage). Ask them to think about the �best� controls and to refer to the hierarchy of controls. What can be done now? What can be done in the future?

39. High priority tasks: injuries have occurred serious consequences lots of complaints rated highly on risk assessment form performed by a lot of workers done a lot of the time. Once you have identified which manual tasks are likely to be a problem, how do you prioritize which tasks to assess first and to allocate the first share of resources? (Resources include worker and manager time and money for control options) Higher priority tasks: have had injuries associated with them � look at injury / incident records if something goes wrong has very serious consequences are complained about by many workers rate highly on the risk assessment form (i.e. on one or more of: forceful exertions, fast movement/no movement, awkward postures, repetition, duration, vibration) have performance/productivity problems are done by a lot of workers are done a lot of the time (not just at Christmas!) When first implementing controls, focus on controlling the less complex manual tasks first. Implement some easy solutions initially so that you can get a few runs on the board early on. Priorities should be discussed by the work team. The supervisor should discuss these with the Workplace Health and Safety Officer and the manager. The manager can oversee an action plan to work through the manual tasks starting with the higher priority tasks. The supervisor/manager will also plan the implementation of control measures with discussion with work teams. Controls that are cheap, quick and easy to implement as well as addressing high priority tasks should be done first. Once you have identified which manual tasks are likely to be a problem, how do you prioritize which tasks to assess first and to allocate the first share of resources? (Resources include worker and manager time and money for control options) Higher priority tasks: have had injuries associated with them � look at injury / incident records if something goes wrong has very serious consequences are complained about by many workers rate highly on the risk assessment form (i.e. on one or more of: forceful exertions, fast movement/no movement, awkward postures, repetition, duration, vibration) have performance/productivity problems are done by a lot of workers are done a lot of the time (not just at Christmas!) When first implementing controls, focus on controlling the less complex manual tasks first. Implement some easy solutions initially so that you can get a few runs on the board early on. Priorities should be discussed by the work team. The supervisor should discuss these with the Workplace Health and Safety Officer and the manager. The manager can oversee an action plan to work through the manual tasks starting with the higher priority tasks. The supervisor/manager will also plan the implementation of control measures with discussion with work teams. Controls that are cheap, quick and easy to implement as well as addressing high priority tasks should be done first.

40. Consider: short term medium term long term. Maintain ongoing communication and participation between workers, supervisors and managers. Implementation of control measures An action plan of what needs to be done; and who is going to do it; and by when: will assist the work place to track progress and allocate responsibilities. Consider control options for the: Short term Medium term Long term Ensure workers and supervisors are kept informed about what is happening. Implementation of control measures An action plan of what needs to be done; and who is going to do it; and by when: will assist the work place to track progress and allocate responsibilities. Consider control options for the: Short term Medium term Long term Ensure workers and supervisors are kept informed about what is happening.

41. To ensure: controls are working effectively risk factors have been reduced another hazard or risk has not been created. Monitoring solutions It is important to monitor and review to ensure that: the control is reducing the risk factors - re-evaluate using worksheet another risk factor isn�t introduced another hazard has not been created It is important that the PErforM process is ongoing to ensure that the controls implemented are working. Work teams should be getting together on a regular basis, where they have the opportunity to go through this stage (and others) of the risk management process. As the coordinator/trainer, you are a vital part of driving this ongoing commitment to PErforM Monitoring solutions It is important to monitor and review to ensure that: the control is reducing the risk factors - re-evaluate using worksheet another risk factor isn�t introduced another hazard has not been created It is important that the PErforM process is ongoing to ensure that the controls implemented are working. Work teams should be getting together on a regular basis, where they have the opportunity to go through this stage (and others) of the risk management process. As the coordinator/trainer, you are a vital part of driving this ongoing commitment to PErforM

42. Participative ergonomics handbook Sprains and strains prevention booklet Hazardous Manual Tasks Code of Practice 2011 Slips, trips and falls prevention guide To assist you in implementing the risk management process for manual tasks you can refer to: The handbook The strains and sprains prevention booklet and STF Guide which is available on the WHSQ web site The MT COP which has already been discussed. To assist you in implementing the risk management process for manual tasks you can refer to: The handbook The strains and sprains prevention booklet and STF Guide which is available on the WHSQ web site The MT COP which has already been discussed.

43. Where to from here? Implementation into your organisation Ask participants to reflect on how they will go about this task. A simple SWOT analysis may be of use, that is, identify strengths within the organisation that may assist them; weaknesses that may slow them up; opportunities that could arise or be used to help; threats that may hinder. Try to tie into the discussion about the evaluation process. Ask participants to reflect on how they will go about this task. A simple SWOT analysis may be of use, that is, identify strengths within the organisation that may assist them; weaknesses that may slow them up; opportunities that could arise or be used to help; threats that may hinder. Try to tie into the discussion about the evaluation process.

44. Optional:Complete evaluation form Are there any questions? PLEASE take a few minutes to complete a post workshop questionnaire.. Direct audience to find questionnaire � have someone collect completed forms from attendees. Are there any questions? PLEASE take a few minutes to complete a post workshop questionnaire.. Direct audience to find questionnaire � have someone collect completed forms from attendees.