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Influencing Policy. 17B. Classifying the Politics. Perceived Costs. Perceived Benefits. Majoritarian Politics. Benefits, Costs Debate in ideological or cost terms Military budget Social Security Cure for Cancer Reducing drug use Antitrust legislation Sherman Act
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Classifying the Politics Perceived Costs Perceived Benefits
Majoritarian Politics • Benefits, Costs • Debate in ideological or cost terms • Military budget • Social Security • Cure for Cancer • Reducing drug use • Antitrust legislation • Sherman Act • Federal Trade Commission • Clayton Act • Standard Oil • Microsoft
Interest Group Politics • Benefits, Costs • Debate carried on by interest groups • Labor/management • Cable TV • Banking deregulation • Wagner Act • NLRB • OSHA • Taft-Hartley
Client Politics • Benefits, Costs • Rational Ignorance = people unaware of costs • Pork barrel projects • Farmers - welfare • Airlines - homeless • Agency Capture • Dairy • Sugar • Telecommunications • Courts, Regulation, Licensing • Legitimacy?
Entrepreneurial Politics • Benefits, Costs • Work on behalf of unorganized majorities • Dramatize Issue • Legitimacy • Antipollution • Love Canal • Superfund • Public safety and health • Ralph Nadar • Upton Sinclair • Brady Bill
Capture • Risk of client politics • Newer agencies not as vulnerable • Must enforce specific standards • Usually regulate many different industries • Strengthen the hand of “public interest lobbies” • Sympathetic allies in the media • Easier for groups to use federal courts
Perception • Interests and beliefs are in conflict • Struggle to define the costs and benefits • Here-and-now argument • Cost argument • Values judgment • Self-interest? • Deregulation • Process regulation • Limit of ideas