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Cell Structure and Function

Cell Structure and Function. Chapter 4 Notes. Robert Hooke. First to observe cells 1665 Tree, Roots, Stems, Ferns, Cork “ Tiny Boxes ”. Anton van Leeuwenhoek. First to observe living cells 1673 Spirogyra & Vorticella. How big are they?. Utah.edu Site. Cell Theory.

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Cell Structure and Function

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  1. Cell Structure and Function Chapter 4 Notes

  2. Robert Hooke • First to observe cells • 1665 • Tree, Roots, Stems, Ferns, Cork • “Tiny Boxes”

  3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek • First to observe living cells • 1673 • Spirogyra & Vorticella

  4. How big are they? Utah.edu Site

  5. Cell Theory • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism. • Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells.

  6. Cell Shape

  7. Basic Parts of the Cell • Plasma membrane Acts as a barrier – • Materials enter and exit through the membrane

  8. Basic Parts of the Cell Inside Outside

  9. Basic Parts of a cell • Plasma Membrane AKA: PhospholipidBilayer Hydrophobic / Hydrophilic Proteins Carbohydrates Markers Channels Receptors FLUID MOSAIC MODEL

  10. Basic Parts of the Cell • Cytoplasm -Region inside the Membrane Cytosol – the liquid and cytoskeleton

  11. Basic Parts of the Cell • Control Center • Nucleus/Nucleiod

  12. TYPES OF CELLS • Prokaryote • Lacks nucleus – Still has DNA • Includes Bacteria and Achaea Kingdoms • No membrane bound organelles • Simple, Smaller • Eukaryote • True nucleus – DNA bound by 2 membranes • Includes Plant, Animal and Fungi Kingdoms • Membrane bound organelles • Complex, Larger

  13. TYPES OF CELLS • Prokaryote • Lacks nucleus – Still has DNA • Includes Bacteria and Achaea Kingdoms • No membrane bound organelles • Simple, Smaller • Eukaryote • True nucleus – DNA bound by 2 membranes • Includes Plant, Animal and Fungi Kingdoms • Membrane bound organelles • Complex, Larger

  14. TYPES OF CELLS BACTERIA

  15. TYPES OF CELLS ANIMALS PLANTS PROTISTS FUNGI

  16. Cell Size • Size is limited by surface area-to-volume ratio • As a cell grows, its volume increases faster than its surface area.

  17. Bacteria and Viruses are small and simple • How do you get big, and therefore open up the possibility of becoming more complex and capable of doing more?

  18. Cell Size Surface Area = 1m X 1m X 6 sides = 6 m2 Surface Area = .5m X .5m X 6 sides X 8 cubes = 12 m2 Volume = 1m X 1m X 1 sides = 1m3 Volume = 1m X 1m X 1m = 1 m3

  19. Cellular Organization • Colonial Organism vs. True Multicellularity

  20. Cellular Organization • Colonial Organism vs. True Multicellularity • Colonial: Organisms that live in a colony live in a connected group but few activities are coordinated.

  21. Cellular Organization • Colonial Organism vs. True Multicellularity • Colonial: Organisms that live in a colony live in a connected group but few activities are coordinated. • True Multicellular organisms have organization detailed below: • Cell – Tissue – Organ – Organ System • Tissue = Group of cells that similar cells that carry out a specific function • Organ = Groups of tissue that perform a specific job • Organ Systems = Groups of organs that accomplish related tasks

  22. Cellular Organization The smallest unit of life

  23. Cellular Organization Some animals don’t even have organs

  24. Cellular Organization

  25. A quick DetourChapter 23 & 24 Bacteria & Viruses

  26. A bit of confusion… The things that make us ill..

  27. A bit of confusion… The things that make us ill could be be…

  28. Bacteria are PROKARYOTES Single celled organisms that do not have a membrane bound nucleus

  29. Bacterial Anatomy

  30. Bacterial Reproduction & Recombination Binary Fission

  31. Bacterial Reproduction & Recombination Transformation

  32. Bacterial Reproduction & Recombination Transduction

  33. Bacterial Reproduction & Recombination Conjugation

  34. Nutrition & Habitat Heterotroph Autotroph “Photo” means uses light energy “Chemo” means extract energy from inorganic compounds Obligate Anaerobe Facultative Anaerobe Obligate Aerobe • Must live O2 free • Can do with or without O2 • Must have O2

  35. Obligate Anaerobe Facultative Anaerobe Obligate Aerobe 2 3 1

  36. Identifying Bacteria Shape/Growth Pattern

  37. Identifying Bacteria Shape/Growth Pattern

  38. Identifying Bacteria Gram Staining: Gram + have a petidoglycan rich cell wall Gram – bacteria have a complex cell wall

  39. Gram + Gram –

  40. Recall… The characteristics of living things: Organization Response to Stimuli Homeostasis Metabolism Growth and Development Reproduction Change through time (evolve)

  41. Viruses are NOT living They do NOT have cytoplasm or organelles and do NOT carry out metabolism or homeostasis They DO have genetic information and DO reproduce (they just require a host cell to do so)

  42. Virus Anatomy Nucleic Acid Nucleic Acid

  43. Virus Anatomy

  44. Viral Replication

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