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Winter Paralympics

Winter Paralympics. The Winter Paralympic Games . is an international multi-sport event where athletes with physical disabilities compete. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. . B eginnings.

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Winter Paralympics

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  1. Winter Paralympics

  2. The Winter Paralympic Games • is an international multi-sport event where athletes with physical disabilities compete. • This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy.

  3. Beginnings • The origins of the Winter Paralympics are similar to the Summer Paralympics. Injured soldiers returning from World War II sought sports as an avenue to healing. • Dr. Ludwig Guttmann • Rome 1960

  4. The first Winter Paralympics • were held in 1976 at Örnsköldsvik, Sweden from February 21–28. • Alpine and Nordic skiing for amputees and visually impaired athletes where the main events but ice sledge racing was included as a demonstration event. • There were 198 participating athletes from 16 countries, and it was the first time athletes with impairments other than wheelchair athletes were permitted to compete.

  5. Controversy • Drugs • Classification • Etc.

  6. Boosting Blood pressure • One concern now facing Paralympic officials is the technique of boosting blood pressure, known as autonomic dysreflexia. • The increase in blood pressure can improve performance by 15% and is most effective in the endurance sports such as cross-country skiing.

  7. Boosting Blood pressure • To increase blood pressure athletes will deliberately cause trauma to limbs below a spinal injury. • This trauma can include breaking bones, strapping extremities in too tightly and using high-pressured compression stockings. • The injury is painless to the athlete but affects the body and impacts the athlete's blood pressure, as can techniques like allowing the bladder to overfill.

  8. Disability categories (6) • Amputee: • Cerebral Palsy: • Intellectual Disability: • Wheelchair: • Visually Impaired: . • Les Autres: Athletes with a physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other five categories, such as dwarfism, multiple sclerosis or congenital deformities of the limbs

  9. Paralympic movement • poor understanding regarding the incidence of injury, injury patterns, and risk factors for injury • The majority of these publications suggest that injury rates are similar for athletes with disabilities and athletes without disabilities. • reports relied on self-report of injury and lacked specificity by sport and by impairment and lacked sufficient detail for sports injury prevention.

  10. To address this deficiency, the International Paralympic Committee’s (IPC) Injury Surveillance System (ISS) was implemented during the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Paralympic Games and continued during the 2006 Torino Winter Games

  11. Overall Injury Incidence rate • The overall injury incidence proportion during the 2002 and 2006 Winter Paralympic Games were reportedly 9.4% and 8.4%, respectively.

  12. “Injury” • was defined as any sports-related musculoskeletal complaint that caused the athlete to seek medical attention during the study period, regardless of the athlete’s ability to continue with training or competition. • The injuries were classified as traumatic or overuse

  13. 2010 Injuries • The 2010 Paralympic ISS identified 120 injuries among the 505 athletes participating in the 2010 Torino Winter Paralympic Games

  14. Medical Encounters • There were 33 encounters among the 124 female athletes (IP = 26.6%), • and 87 encounters among the 381 male athletes (IP = 22.8%). • There was no significant difference in injury incidence proportion between men and women

  15. Age • The average age of injured female athletes was 32 years (range, 19-53 years). • The average age of injured male athletes was 34 years (range, 19-52 years). • Only 14 of the 120 injuries (11.75%) resulted in theathletebeing unable to continue with training or competition.

  16. Injury incidence proportion varied with sport • Sledge hockey had the highest incidence proportion with 40 injuries identified among the 118 competitors in these events

  17. Sledge Hockey • A total of 118 male athletes competed in sledge hockey. Of these, 40 athletes (33.9%) presented to medical care for musculoskeletal injuries. • The mean age of injured sledge hockey players was 33 years. Sixteen of the 40 medical encounters (40%) for sledge hockey players were classified as acute onset injuries, and 24 of the 40 medical encounter (60%) were classified as overuse injuries.

  18. Sledge Hockey • Twenty-one of the 40 injuries (52.5%) in sledge hockey players occurred during Games time competition. • Of these competition injuries, 9 (42.9%) involved contact with another player. • Seven of the 40 injuries (17.5%) occurred during Games time training.

  19. Sledge Hockey • Nineteen of the reported injuries (47.5%) in sledge hockey players involved the upper extremity (ie, hand, wrist,forearm, elbow, shoulder), • 14 (35%) were spine related (ie,neck, thoracic or lumbar), 4 (10%) were lower extremity injuries • 2 involved the head (5%), and 1 (2.5%) thorax

  20. Sledge Hockey • Injury types included 12 muscle strain injuries (30%) • 4 ligament sprain injuries (10%) • 3 fractures (7.5%) (ie, phalanx, calcaneal, and rib), • 2 contusions (5%)

  21. Sledge Hockey • 2 lacerations (5%), • 1 glenohumeral dislocation (2.5%) • 16 (40%) less well-defined injuries (ie, mechanical low back pain, scapulothoracic dysfunction, impingement

  22. Alpine skiing • Alpine skiing had the second highest incidence proportion with 41 athletes identified among 194 athletes (IP =21.1%).

  23. Alpine skiing • slalom and giant slalom. Alpine skiing • Nineteen of the 42 encounters for alpine racers (45.2%) were classified as acute onset injuries, and 22 of the 42 encounters (52.4%) were classified as overuse injuries

  24. Alpine skiing • A total of 194 athletes competed in alpine ski racing. Of these, 42 athletes (21.6%) sought medical care for a musculoskeletal problem. • The mean age of injured alpine racers was 32

  25. Nordic Skiing and Biathlon • Among the 141 athletes who competed in Nordic skiing and biathlon, 26 athletes (IP = 18.6%) sought medical attention for musculoskeletal problems.

  26. Wheelchair Curling • Among the 50 athletes competing in wheelchair curling, 9 (IP = 18%) sought medical attention for musculoskeletal problems.

  27. Wheelchair Curling • Forty-nine of the 120 injuries (40.8%) that were identified were acute traumatic onset injuries.

  28. Wheelchair Curling • Sixty-nine of the 120 injuries (57.5%) were chronic overuse injuries

  29. Wheelchair Curling • Nine curlers sought medical attention for minor musculoskeletal complaints out of 50 total competitors (18%). • None of these 9 encounters were for acute injuries, and none resulted in loss of time from training or competition. • injuries were of an overuse/strain type either to the spine or to the UE

  30. Para-snowboarding" (commonly known as adaptive snowboarding)

  31. 23.8 percent incidence rate Increase submission rate from physicians

  32. Summer and Winter Olympics, able-bodied athletes had an injury rate of 11 percent.

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