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Mid-Term Examination

Mid-Term Examination. Results. Test Characteristics. Questions from lectures: 47/100 Test Question Ratings (by Publisher): Difficult: ~10% Moderate: ~65% Easy: ~25% No statistically significant relationship between correct answers and estimate of difficulty

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Mid-Term Examination

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  1. Mid-Term Examination Results

  2. Test Characteristics • Questions from lectures: 47/100 • Test Question Ratings (by Publisher): • Difficult: ~10% • Moderate: ~65% • Easy: ~25% • No statistically significant relationship between correct answers and estimate of difficulty • No statistically significant relationship between the grade people made and the grade that they thought they made

  3. Raw Scores

  4. Scaled Scores

  5. Percentage by Grade (Scaled)A to F

  6. General Psychology(PSY2200 MBAC) Chapter 09: Thinking, Language, And Intelligence

  7. Intelligence Your ideas about Intelligence What is Intelligence? Handout 9-13

  8. IntelligenceTheories • Intelligence: mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations • Charles Spearman (1863 - 1945): general intelligence (g) • The idea that mental abilities tend to “run together” – asserted that people who are strong in one area tend to be strong in another and that that suggested that one central ability accounted for this

  9. Measuring IntelligenceAlfred Binet • An alternate definition of intelligence: intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure • Alfred Binet’s (1857 – 1911) Intelligence test • France passed a law mandating school for children • Some students responded more readily to school than others • How to assess who receives a standard school curriculum and who does not? Need for an unbiased measure • Mental Age: level of performance associated with a partiuclar chronological age • Positive: provide a mechanism to improve a child’s education • Negative: possible to use to label children, limit their opportunities, or stigmatize them • Stanford-Binet: Lewis Terman (1877 – 1956), Stanford professor, developed norms and revised test to be used with California schoolchildren, also extended the upper end of the test

  10. The Wechsler Intelligence ScalesDavid Wechsler • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children (WISC; and another version for preschool children) • Breakdown into specific skill areas: • Verbal • Performance • Verbal Comprehension • Perceptual Organization • Working Memory • Processing Speed

  11. The Normal Distribution“The Bell Curve”

  12. Video Savant Music Skills

  13. IntelligenceTheories • Howard Gardner: argued that g was insufficient to explain what had been observed in terms of mental ability • “Savants,” people who demonstrate profound abilities in one area but profound disabilities in others

  14. Intelligences (1 to 4)Howard Gardner

  15. Intelligences (5 to 8)Howard Gardner

  16. Howard GardnerExamples • Linguistic • Poet, translator • T.S. Eliot • Logical-mathematical • Mathematician, scientist • Einstein • Musical • Composer, singer • Stravinsky • Bodily-kinesthetic • Athlete, dancer, surgeon • Michael Jordan, Lance Armstrong

  17. Howard GardnerExamples • Spatial • Sculptor, architect, surveyor • Picasso • Interpersonal • Politician, salesperson, religious leader • Gandhi • Intrapersonal • Therapist, social worker • Freud • Naturalist • Botanist, farmer, rancher • Charles Darwin

  18. Creativity • Creativity: the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas • Intelligence tests measure convergent thinking (coming up with a single detailed answer) • Creativity involves divergent thinking (coming up with multiple of novel answers)

  19. Five Contributors to Creativity • Expertise: a well-developed knowledge base; a point of departure • Imaginative thinking skills: ability to see things in novel ways, to recognize patterns, to make connections • A venturesome personality: seeks new experiences rather than following the pack, tolerates ambiguity and risk, and perseveres in overcoming obstacles • Intrinsic motivation: motivated by “the interest, enjoyment, satisfaction, and challenge of the work itself” • A creative environment: a place that sparks, supports, and refines creative ideas

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