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Economies of South Asia

Economies of South Asia. Economies in South Asia. HIGH POINTS/LOW POINTS.

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Economies of South Asia

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  1. Economies of South Asia

  2. Economies in South Asia

  3. HIGH POINTS/LOW POINTS • High Points: sizable & growing middle class with some in the upper class accumulating great wealth; world-class scientific & technological accomplishments; high-tech industries are an integral part of the global economy. • Low Points: many social groups are cut off from the process of development; very high illiteracy rates; large & growing populations threatens resource base…

  4. Economic Development: Burdened by Poverty • South Asian Poverty • India has a growing middle class, and an upper class • About 100 million Indians afford modern consumer goods • More than 300 million Indian citizens are below their country’s poverty line, and Bangladesh is poorer • Child labor dilemma

  5. Child Labor in India

  6. Geographies of Economic Development • The Himalayan Countries • Rugged terrain and isolation in Nepal and Bhutan are a disadvantage • Bhutan has isolationist stance & has gone to a different measure of success (“GNH”) • Nepal’s tourism has brought in $$ BUT also resulted in environmental degradation

  7. Geographies of Economic Development • Bangladesh • Poorest country in the region • Heavy reliance on production of commercial crops (Jute and Rice) • Environmental degradation has contributed to poverty • Internationally competitive in textile and clothing manufacturing • Pakistan • Inherited a reasonably well-developed urban infrastructure • Agriculture, cotton, textile industry are important • Less dynamic economy and less potential for growth • Burdened by high levels of defense spending & threat of Islamic extremism.

  8. Geographies of Economic Development • Sri Lanka and the Maldives • Sri Lanka: second-most highly developed economy in region • Exports of agricultural products (rubber and tea) and textiles • Civil war has undercut economic progress • Maldives is most prosperous country in region, based on per capita GDP…BUT… • Small total economy

  9. India’s Modern Economy • India’s Lesser Developed Areas • India’s economy dwarfs that of other South Asian countries • Prosperous west and poorer east • North India states economies are generally stagnate • Caste tensions exist in these areas

  10. India’s Modern Economy • India’s Centers of Economic Growth • Punjab and Haryana are showcase states of Green Revolution • Western states are noted for their industrial and financial power • Indian diaspora(migration of large numbers of Indians to foreign countries) • Bangalore is a growing high-tech center • 1990s: liberalization of the economy, regulations reduced

  11. India Rising – One Billion Reasons to Care

  12. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: India vs. Pakistan • Life Expectancy: About even at 60 for males & 61 for females; • Under Age 5 Mortality: India is doing better (90) than Pakistan (126); • Illiteracy Rate: India better BUT neither are good! India = 34% male & 62% female; Pakistan = 45% male & 71% female! • Female Labor force: India 32%; Pakistan 28% *Remember the presence of Islamic Fundamentalism impacts Pakistan’s stats where females are concerned…

  13. Social Development …. • SRI LANKA: according to your text, “Sri Lanka must be considered one of the world’s great success stories of social development.” Why? • They have achieved significant health & educational gains DESPITE a lackluster economy & political instability! HOW? • The Government funds universal primary education & healthcare. They have a well-educated, relatively healthy, slow growing population. This should help them to grow their economy if they can achieve & maintain political stability.

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