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Endocrine System

Endocrine System. Endocrine System Disorders. Hyposecretion : under production Treated with drug therapy Hypersecretion : over production Treated with surgery Common cause: genetic defect. Cretinism. Hypothyroidism in infants

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Endocrine System

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  1. Endocrine System

  2. Endocrine System Disorders • Hyposecretion: under production • Treated with drug therapy • Hypersecretion: over production • Treated with surgery • Common cause: genetic defect

  3. Cretinism • Hypothyroidism in infants • Mental retardation, impaired growth, low body temperatures, abnormal bone formation

  4. Myxedema • Hypothyroidism in adults • Edema, low blood levels, weight gain, cold intolerance, fatigue, depression, muscle or joint pain, sluggishness

  5. Graves Disease • Hyperthyroidism • Elevated metabolic rate, abnormal wt loss, excessive perspiration, weakness and emotional instability • exopthalmos- protruding eyes • Goiter- enlarged goiter

  6. Graves Disease

  7. Addison Disease • Deficiency of cortical hormones • Muscle weakness, anorexia, gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue, hypoglycemia, hypotension, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia

  8. Cushing Syndrome • Excessive amounts of cortisol and ACTH in the blood • Wt gain, moon-shaped face, exaggerated head and trunk, thin arms and legs • Hirsutism: excessive hair growth in unusual places

  9. Cushing Syndrome

  10. Type I Diabetes • Diagnosed children and young adults • Body does not produce sufficient insulin • Treatment includes injection of insulin

  11. Type 2 Diabetes • Onset later in life • Risk factors: family hx, diabetes and obesity • Body is deficient in producing sufficient insulin • Body is resistant to insulin action in target cells

  12. Type 2 Diabetes • Hyperglycemia: cell starvation, damage kidneys, eyes, nerves or heart • Tx: exercise, diet, wt loss, medication

  13. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) • Caused: too little insulin, failure to follow a prescribed diet, physical or emotional stress or undiagnosed diabetes

  14. Gestational Diabetes • Diabetes develops during pregnancy • Inability to metabolize carbohydrates • Resolves after childbirth • Increase risk for developing Type 2 Diabetes

  15. Acromegaly • Chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a gradual, marked enlargement and thickening of the bones and the face and jaw

  16. Diuresis • Increased formation and secretion of urine

  17. Glucosuria • Presence of glucose in the urine or abnormal amount of sugar in the urine

  18. Hyper’s & Hypo’s • Hypercalcemia • Hyperkalemia • Hypervolemia • Hyponatremia

  19. Thyroid Storm • Crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of increased amount of thyroid hormone

  20. Virile • Masculine or having characteristics of a man

  21. Virilism • Masculinization in a woman or development of male secondary sex characteristics in the women

  22. Exopthalmometry • Test that measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball

  23. Fasting Blood Glucose • Test that measures blood glucose levels after a 12-hour fast

  24. Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) • Test that measures the body’s ability to metabolize carbohydrates by administering a standard dose of glucose and measuring glucose levels in the blood and urine at regular intervals

  25. Insulin Tolerance Test • Test that determines insulin levels in serum by administering insulin and measuring blood glucose levels in blood at regular intervals

  26. Thyroid Function Test (TFT) • Test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function

  27. Thyroid Scan • After injection of a radioactive substance, a scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland

  28. Microneurosurgery of the pituitary gland • Microdissection of a tumor using a binocular surgical microscope for magnification

  29. Parathyroidectomy • Excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism

  30. Thymectomy • Excision of the thymus gland

  31. Thyroidectomy • Excision of the thyroid gland • Partial- method of choice for removing a fibrous nodular thyroid • Subtotal- removal of most of the thyroid to relieve hyperthyroidism

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