Hormones of the regulatory chemicals of the endocrine system

Hormones of the regulatory chemicals of the endocrine system Chapter 9-Endocrine System

Thyroid Hormones • The thyroid hormone a major metabolic hormone. • It is made up of two iodine counting hormones Thyroxide and Triiodothyorine • Thyroxin is the major hormone secreted by thyroid follicle • Thyroid hormones role is to control glucose which is burned and turned into body heat • Thyroid hormones is important for tissue growth in the reproductive and nervous system

Thyroid continued • Calcitonin is formed by Para follicular cells found in connective tissue • Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels by causing calcium to be deposited in the bones

Pineal hormone • Melatonin is the only hormone that is secreted in substantial amounts in the pineal gland • Melatonin establishes the body's day and night cycle • It is highest at night which makes us drowsy and lowest during the afternoon • Melatonin helps regulate mating behavior

ovaries • Estrogen is responsible for development of sex characteristics in females • It promotes breast development and cyclic change in uterine cycle • Progesterone brings out menstrual cycle with estrogen • Quiets muscles of uterus during pregnancy so that implanted embryo will not be abducted • Ovaries are stimulated to release their estrogen and progesterone in cyclic way

Parathyroid gland • Parathormone is secreted by parathyroid gland • Acts to increase concentration of calcium in blood

Adrenal Cortex • Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) is produced by outermost cell layer of adrenal cortex • Regulates mineral content of blood • Glucorticoids (cortisone and cortisol) • These help body resist long term stressors by increasing blood glucose levels • Promotes normal cell metabolism • They are said to be hyperglycemic hormones because when high, fats and proteins are broken down and converted into glucose • Release due to high levels of ACTH

continued • Sex hormones produced throughout life in small amounts • Androgens=male • Estrogen=female

Pancreatic islets The islet cells secrete insulin and glucagon during fed and fasting states. • Insulin is released from the beta when the glucose levels is high in the blood • Increases the body cell to transport glucose across the plasma membrane • Without insulin no glucose can go into the • Glucagon acts as an rival of insulin • It is stimulated by low levels of glucose in the blood • It mainly targets the liver to break down glycogen to glucose and release the glucose in the blood

testes • Testosterone is the most important hormone produced by the testes • It promotes growth of the reproductive organs during puberty in a young male; stimulates sex drive • In adult testosterone continues production of sperms; men are given testosterone injections when they become sterile

Adrenal medulla • Epinephrine, also called adrenaline, is a neurotransmitter • Increases heart rate and contracts blood vessels • Used to treat cardiac arrest and superficial bleeding

Thymus gland • Thymosin is essential for normal development of T cells, which are apart of a special group of white blood cells that play a huge role in cell-mediated immunity.

Test Question What hormone is responsible for sex characteristics in women? A) Thymosin B) Estrogen C) Calcitonin D) Epinephrine

Test question What hormone establishes the day and night cycle? A) Thymosin B) Melotonin C) Noepinephrine D) Calcotonin

Test question What hormone is also called adrenaline? A) Melatonin B) Thymosin C) Epinephrine D) Noepinephrine

Test question What hormone helps produce testes? A) Epinephrine B) Thymosin C) Testosterone D) Estrogen

Test question What helps transport glucose across the plasma membrane? A)Insulin B) Glycogen C) Thymosin D) Melatonin

By: Kyle Whitter, Courtney H. and ‘Jyria That’s all folks!!!!!!!!!!

Hormones of the regulatory chemicals of the endocrine system