2 nd Quarter Overview

1. 2nd Quarter Overview • Number a sheet of paper 1 – 5 • As I outline the 2nd Quarter write down 5 things that you don’t remember / understand (This is your TOD)

2. Unit 3: America Becomes a World Power • Standard 11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century. • List the purpose and the effects of the Open Door policy. • Describe the Spanish-American War and U.S. expansion in the South Pacific. • Discuss America's role in the Panama Revolution and the building of the Panama Canal. • Explain Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy, William Taft's Dollar Diplomacy, and Woodrow Wilson's Moral Diplomacy, drawing on relevant speeches. • Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of World War I on the home front. • Trace the declining role of Great Britain and the expanding role of the United States in world affairs after World War II.

3. Unit 3: Essential Vocabulary Terms: • foreign policy:­ A program of action having to do with other countries. • Imperialism: a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially. • Interventionism: Involvement in another country’s affairs • Jingoism: extreme chauvinism or nationalism • Pacifism: opposition to war or violence

4. The Monroe Doctrine • “The Americas are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers” and that “we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.”President James Monroe 1823

5. U.S. Territorial Expansion in the 1800’s • U.S. doubled in size which led to westward expansion • Industrial Revolution created interest in overseas markets and territories • Imperialism (The policy of establishing colonies and building empires) • political and economic expansion led to growing involvement by the U.S. in Latin America, Hawaii, and Samoa • led to war with Spain

6. Cuba – a Spanish colony • U.S. had economic ties w/ Cuba • Cubans revolted against Spanish rule • Spain responded w/ brutal treatment of Cubans

7. The Maine explodes • U.S. battleship Maine sent into Cuba to protect U.S. citizens and property • The Maine exploded killing 260 sailors

8. Anti-Spanish feelings spread through “yellow journalism” Joseph Pulitzer –World William Randolph Hearst – Journal • President McKinley first opposed U.S. military action against Spain but on May 1, 1898 war broke out between U.S. and Spain in the Philippines.

9. The U.S. Defeats Spain • African Americans played important role in defeating Spain • July 3 - U.S. destroyed Spanish fleet and ended Spanish resistance in Cuba • October 1898 the Treaty of Paris signed which Spain granted independence to Cuba and ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, & the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million

11. Theodore RooseveltPresident 1901-1909 • Hero of Spanish-American War • Became Pres. In 1901 after McKinley assassinated (elected in 1904) • Foreign Policy: “Speak softly, and carry a big stick” • Roosevelt Corollary: U.S. as international policeman

12. Howard TaftPresident 1909-1913 • Dollar Diplomacy: • Taft’s foreign policy of improving the economic status of Latin American countries. • American businesses were encouraged to invest in foreign countries and thus allow the U.S. to influence regions economically (substitute dollars for bullets)

13. Woodrow WilsonPresident 1913-1921 • Wilson’s foreign policy: “Moral Diplomacy” • use of negotiation and arbitration when dealing w/ foreign countries

14. Effects of WWI on the Home Front

15. U.S. Enters the War on the Side of the Allies • U.S. was unprepared for war • Military draft was needed • Factories converted to making military supplies/weapons • African Americans joined the military but were segregated

16. U.S. Draft

17. War Industrial Board • Build military supplies • “Work or Fight” rule • National War Labor Board • Unified labor policies • Woman entered the workforce • Food production became a top priority

18. Woman in the Workforce

20. American Propaganda • Committee on Public Information • Propaganda – war was being fought for freedom and democracy • Espionage Act and Sedition Act • To prevent obstruction of war effort • German-Americans became victims of wartime fears

21. Effects of World War I • The Versailles Treaty • Americans criticized Wilson for negotiating a treaty. • U.S. refused to ratify over Wilson’s plea • Wilson wanted a League of Nations to be included in the peace treaty. • Wilson’s 14 Points • Wanted to eliminate the causes of war

22. The United States will become the most powerful nation in the world while Britain will decline in power.

23. Unit 4: The Jazz Age U.S. History • Standard 11.5: Students analyze the major political, social, economic, technological, and cultural developments of the 1920s. • Discuss the policies of Presidents Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. • Analyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that prompted attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, Marcus Garvey's "back-to-Africa" movement, the Ku Klux Klan, and immigration quotas and the responses of organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks. • Examine the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act (Prohibition). • Analyze the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment and the changing role of women in society. • Describe the Harlem Renaissance and new trends in literature, music, and art, with special attention to the work of writers (e.g., Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes). • Trace the growth and effects of radio and movies and their role in the worldwide diffusion of popular culture. • Discuss the rise of mass production techniques, the growth of cities, the impact of new technologies (e.g., the automobile, electricity), and the resulting prosperity and effect on the American landscape.

24. Unit 4: Essential Vocabulary Terms: • Suffrage: The right or privilege of voting • Isolationism: A national policy of abstaining from political or economic relations with other countries. • Mass production: The manufactures of goods in large quantities, often using standardized designs and assembly-line techniques. • Prohibition: The act of prohibiting or the condition of being prohibited (not allow) • Mass Media: A means of public communication reaching a large audience

25. 19th Amendment (Woman’s Suffrage) • Woman obtained the right to vote in 1920 • Required lengthy and difficult struggle • The beginning of the fight for women suffrage is usually traced to the "Declaration of Sentiments" produced at the first woman's rights convention in Seneca Falls, N. Y. in 1848. • Influenced by woman who participated in WWI

26. The Harlem Renaissance: • A time period during the 1920’s in which African-American literature, art, music, dance, and social commentary began to flourish in Harlem, a section of New York City. • became known as "The New Negro Movement" and later as the Harlem Renaissance

27. Harlem Renaissance Writers • Langston Hughes I, too, sing America. I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong. Tomorrow, I'll be at the table When company comes. Nobody'll dare Say to me, "Eat in the kitchen," Then. Besides, They'll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed-- I, too, am America.

28. Harlem Renaissance Writers • Zora Neale Hurston “Anyway, the force from somewhere in Space which commands you to write in the first place, gives you no choice. You take up the pen when you are told, and write what is commanded. There is no agony like bearing an untold story inside you. “

29. 1920 – 1st Radio Broadcast • American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) • National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) • The radio was TV in the 1920’s. (music, news, sports, comedies, dramas, mysteries, etc.)

30. Standard 11.5.7Discuss the rise of mass production techniques, the growth of cities, the impact of new technologies (e.g., the automobile, electricity), and the resulting prosperity and effect on the American landscape. • Henry Ford • The Model “T” (all could afford) • Used mass production techniques: assembly line, standardized parts and vertical organization • By the mid-1920’s Chrysler and General Motors were competing with Ford • Increase in big business created cheap products and more opportunities for wealth.

31. The Red Scare • A period of organized attacks on radicals and foreigners by government because of the threat of a communist revolution in the U.S. • The “Palmer Raids” • Attorney General Palmer organized troops to arrest and deport “Reds” or communists • Arrested 4-10,000 radicals and jailed them w/out formal charges • 600 deported • 249 sent to Russia

32. Anti-immigration laws • Johnson Act • Limit immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe to 3% of the # of immigrants living in U.S. in 1910 • National Origins Act • Set quota to 2 % • Result = huge decline in immigration from Southern & Eastern Europe

33. The American Civil Liberties Union • Purpose = to defend immigrants and other “undesirables” in court to ensure constitutional rights • No court victories • Most Americans agreed w/ immigration laws and “Palmer Raids”

34. Sacco and Vanzetti Trial • 1920 The People of Mass. Vs. Sacco & Vanzetti • Italian immigrants and anarchists were sentenced to death for murder although there was no concrete evidence against them • Evidence and Conclusions from the trial • Missing links in persecution’s case led many to believe that Sacco and Vanzetti were victims of government repression and xenophobia

35. The New Ku Klux Klan • To be a true American one must belong to one race, religion, and political and economic philosophy • “natives” were real Americans – (white, Protestants) • Re-birthed the KKK • Hiram Wesley Evans served as “Imperial Wizard” during 1920’s and 1930’s • KKK violence • Conducted “swift justice” • Responsible for dozens of beatings and killings

36. The Anti-Defamation League • Defamation: an abusive attack on a person's character or good name • The Anti-Defamation League was launched in 1913 in response to rampant anti-Semitism and discrimination against Jews. • Helped to end discrimination in hiring, schooling and housing.

37. The Science vs. Religion Debate • The Scopes Trial • 1925 ACLU approached science instructor John T. Scopes for anti-evolution “test-case” • Scopes found guilty

38. Marcus Garvey and Black Pride • 1914 formed United Negro Improvement Association • Publication: The Negro World • Black Eagle Flying Corps • All sought to empower blacks worldwide toward economic, religious, psychological, and cultural independence. • Promoted “Back to Africa” seperatist movement

39. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) • Founded in 1909 • W.E.B. Du Bois – founder • People of all races, nationalities and faiths united on one premise --that all men and women are created equal. • Fights legal battles to end discrimination and racism

40. Republican Leadership in the 1920’s

41. Warren G. Harding1920-1923 • Promised: • low taxes • higher tarrifs • restriction on immigration • aid to farmers • “law and order” • a “return to normalcy” • “The Ohio Gang”- corrupt activities (Teapot Dome) • Vice President – Calvin Coolidge

42. Calvin Coolidge1923-1929 • Became President after Harding’s death • Kept most of cabinet except “Ohio Gang” • Had great faith in American Business • 1924 won presidency – “Keep cool with Coolidge” • Between 1921-1929 output of industry doubled = prosperity

43. Herbert Hoover1929-1933 • Election 1928 = Hoover vs. Smith • Hoover: Pro-business, conservative, belief in the individual, advocate of small federal government, Protestant • Smith: Democrat, pro public health, workers’ compensation, civil liberties, government control of some industries, Catholic • 6 months after election the stock market crashed = worst depression in American History • Believed if gov’t. helped businesses the $ would “trickle-down” to the poor (it never did!)

44. Unit 5: The Great Depression • 11.6 Students analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and how the New Deal fundamentally changed the role of the federal government. • Describe the monetary issues of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that gave rise to the establishment of the Federal Reserve and the weaknesses in key sectors of the economy in the late 1920s. • Understand the explanations of the principal causes of the Great Depression and the steps taken by the Federal Reserve, Congress, and Presidents Herbert Hoover and Franklin Delano Roosevelt to combat the economic crisis. • Discuss the human toll of the Depression, natural disasters, and unwise agricultural practices and their effects on the depopulation of rural regions and on political movements of the left and right, with particular attention to the Dust Bowl refugees and their social and economic impacts in California. • Analyze the effects of and the controversies arising from New Deal economic policies and the expanded role of the federal government in society and the economy since the 1930s (e.g., Works Progress Administration, Social Security, National Labor Relations Board, farm programs, regional development policies, and energy development projects such as the Tennessee Valley Authority, California Central Valley Project, and Bonneville Dam). • Trace the advances and retreats of organized labor, from the creation of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations to current issues of a postindustrial, multinational economy, including the United Farm Workers in California.

45. Unit 5: Essential Vocabulary Words: • 1. depression: economic condition marked by an extended and severe decline in production, sales, and severe increase in unemployment • 2. extremism: the act of supporting extreme political measures • 3. government activism: the practice that emphasizes direct vigorous action especially in support of or opposition to one side of a controversial issue in government • 4. public works: works (as schools, highways, docks) constructed for public use or enjoyment especially when financed and owned by the government • 5. separation of powers: the three branches of government each having their own, separated powers or duties • 6. unemployment: the state of being unemployed (without gainful occupation) • 7. welfare program: an agency or program through which such aid is distributed • 8. speculation: risky business venture involving buying or selling in the hope of making a large, quick profit • 9. installment buying: an agreement whereby a purchaser made a down payment and paid the rest of the cost in periodic regular installments to which an interest charge was added • 10. buying on margin: buying stock by making a small cash down payment and borrowing the rest from a stockbroker

46. The Depression Foreshadowed • The Stock Market Crash • Oct. 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday) orders to sell swamped the stock market • Fortunes made were lost in hours

47. Causes of the Great Depression • 1. Republican Economic Policies • (“Trickle-down Economics”) • 2. Real Estate & Stock Speculation • 3. Weak and Unregulated Banking Institutions • 4. Overproduction of Goods • 5. The Decline of the Farming Industry • 6. Unequal Distribution of Wealth

48. The Dust Bowl • Many farmers migrated west (California) • Lived in makeshift shacks (Hoovervilles) • Poverty contributed to the nation’s overall economic decline and large gap between the “haves” and the ‘have-nots” • Song: “Talking Dust Bowl” • (Vol. 2 Track 9)

49. The Toll of the Depression on American Life • 25 % unemployment (sold apples for $) • 10 million lost their job • Significant wage losses • Stock market value shrunk from $89.7 billion to $15.6 billion • Banks closed • Schools forced to close

50. The Beginning of the New Deal(1st New Deal: Relief and Recovery) • Recovery During the First Hundred Days • Bank holiday • Emergency Banking Relief Act and the Economy Act • Balance the federal budget • National Industrial Recovery Act • $3 billion for public works