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SunPower ® Solar Panels Reliability, Production, Efficiency. February 2013. SunPower solar panels are different. SunPower solar panels a re better. The Heart of the SunPower Panel is the Maxeon ® S olar C ell.
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SunPower® Solar PanelsReliability,Production,Efficiency February 2013
SunPower solar panels are different. SunPower solar panels are better.
The Heart of the SunPower Panelis the Maxeon®Solar Cell • SunPower is the only manufacturer offering a copper-plated cell – all the conventional cells are made by baking a metal paste onto the silicon wafer – just like screen-printing a logo onto a T-shirt • The Maxeoncell has a Fundamentally Different design from a conventional solar sell: it’s built on a solid Copper foundation • Copper plated cells cost more to manufacture than conventional solar cells, but the investment pays of with a much more durable and high-performing solar cell. SunPower Panel with Maxeon Conventional Panel (same size) 240W 327W FRONT BACK Thin lines of metal paste Full-coverage metal paste FRONT BACK No metal Copper-plated
Maxeon Solar Cell Vs. Conventional Solar Cell Maxeon Solar Cell (Back) Conventional Solar Cells (Front) Thin lines ofbaked-onmetal paste Thickcopper-plated foundation Soldered copper ribbons Strain-relieved copper bar connectingcell-to-cell Ribbons connectcell-to-cell Thick copper (tin-plated) is robust against corrosion. No soldering along the length of the cell Copper bar connecting cells has robust copper-to-copper soldering, strain-relief, and double-redundancy. Solid copper foundation maintains the cell energy production even if the silicon cracks. • Very thin screen-printed metal lines on the front of the cell are susceptible to corrosion over time • High-stress solder joints between the long copper ribbons and the crystal solar cell • As the panels get hot in the day and cold at night the copper expands but the silicon cell does not. • Over time, this repeated stress causes cells to crack and solder bonds to break. • Single points of failure on copper ribbons between cells. • Screen-printed metal paste has no strength to hold the cell together when the silicon cracks
Third-Party Reliability Testing • In 2012, Fraunhofer selected SunPower and 4 other top manufacturers’ panels to rank based on their reliability • Test results are anonymous to participants, but the conventional panels were selected from the top six crystalline silicon module manufacturers: SunTech, Yingli, Trina, Canadian Solar, Sharp, Hanwha SolarOne. • 20 panels per manufacturer were purchased directly by Fraunhofer from distributors and installers • The PDVI Test Protocol included: Temperature cycling, Humidity-Freeze cycling, Damp Heat exposure with +/-600V, Ultra-violet light exposure, static and dynamic mechanical load testing • SunPower panels came out #1, with an average power drop of 1.3% across all panels2 • The average power drop of all the conventional panels was 5.3% … 4x higher • SunPower’s most degraded panel dropped by 2.3% power, while the Conventional panels showed a much wider variation, with as much as 92% degradation. • Atlas, a subsidiary of Ametek, has been the leader in durability testing of materials for more than 90 years, and developed the “Atlas 25+ PV Durability Testing.” • 3 panels tested per manufacturer: Salt Spray Corrosion, Humidity-Freeze cycling, Solar-Thermal Humidity-Freeze Cycling • SunPower earned the top rating, with an average power drop of 0% across all panels1 1 Altas 25+ Durability test report. Jan 2013. Stress-tested power drops were -1.5%, +2.3%, -0.5%, relative to the non-stress-tested control panel. 2Fraunhofer PV Module Durability Initiative. Participants Report. January 2013. 3 Jordan, Dirk “SunPower Test Report,” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Oct 2012 The National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) has measured the SPWR module degradation in Colorado since May 2007: -0,10% / y3
System-Level Degradation From Field Data AC Power Degradation • The most comprehensive degradation study ever done: more than 800,000 panels from over 400 monitored inverters across 144 sites, for time spans averaging 4 years. • SunPower systems: 86MW, age 2-5.5 yrs • Non-SP systems: 42MW, age 2-11 yrs • SunPower degradation rate affirmed by Black & Veatch1, one of the most experienced Independent Engineering firms in solar power plants, with over 2,000 MW of utility scale projects AC Power Output vs. System Age SunPower Solar Fields 0% Conventional Solar Fields -1% -2% -3% SunPower -0.32%/yr(previous generation panels) SunPower Current Generation: 2x better -4% Power Output Conventional: -1.25%/yr -5% -6% -7% -8% 1 Romero, Ralph, et al. “Review of SunPower Fleet-Wide System Degradation Study using Year-over-Year Performance Index Analysis,” Black & Veatch Eng., Nov. 2012. -9% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 System Age (years)
All Post-Commissioning Module Warranty Claims for Maxeon Gen 2 All post-commissioning returns worldwide for all panels built with Gen 2 Maxeoncells through June 2012. • SunPower has 800MW of Conventional systems from buying other companies: • PV System Installer • 240MW from 20 manufacturers • 7 year average age • 8,700 returns per million (nearly 1%) • European Manufacturer • 550MW, considered high quality (good suppliers, automated stringing, etc.) • 4 year average age • 1,800 returns per million 27 returns per million panels.
Durable Maxeon Cell DesignAllows SunPower to Deliver theBest Warranty in the Industry • Because of the MaxeonCell, SunPower can deliver the most reliablepanel with the best warranty in the industry … 9.1% more warrantedenergy compared with the industry standard • Lowest Guaranteed degradation rate: -0.4%/yr 100% 95% SUNPOWER SUNPOWER 90% 87% 85% INDUSTRY STANDARD STANDARD 80% 75% 0 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25 0 YEARS YEARS
There are five primary factors that explain the increased energy per rated watt since the first year: Low Temperature Coefficient No Light Induced Degradation (LID) Higher Average Watts Better Low-Light and Spectral Response High performance Anti-Reflecting Technology SunPower E-Series panels deliver 7-9%1 more energy per rated watt. Maxeon Cell Design Delivers More Energy Per Rated Watt Year-One Energy Production Same Rated Watts Maintains High Power at High Temps No Light-Induced Degradation Produzione Aggiuntiva di Energia per Watt Higher Average Watts High-Performance Anti-Reflective Technology Better Low-Light and Spectral Response 1 BEW Engineering, part of DNV KEMA, SunPower Yield Report, Jan 2013.
SunPower Panels Stay Cooler Temp • Because of the additional efficiency, more of the sun’s energy is converted to electricity • So less energy needs to be transferred to the air as heat and the panel stays cooler: typically 2-3C (4-6F) cooler on the roof SunPower Conventional • Sun 1600W (mid-day in summer) • Sun 1600W 1600W x 20.4% =326W electricity 1600W x 15% =240W electricity 1600W - 326W 1274W Heat 1600W - 240W 1360W Heat Conventional panel must be hotter to transfer an additional 86 W of heat into the air
Higher Average Panel Watts Watts It takes computer-chip-making accuracy to produce high-efficiency solar cells, resulting in Panels which are all very similar in power. SunPower sells almost all its panel production under one model, so typically over-delivers by 6 watts Conventional solar cell production results in a broad distribution of panel power ratings, which are then binned into 5 watt increments If rated with positive power tolerance, and flash-tested accurately, 2.5 watts over-delivery is the middle of the 5-watt bin (not accounting for LID) Production distribution for SPR-E20-327 (January - May, 2012) • Rated Watts: 327W • (Name plate) • Average Watts: 333W
Maintains High Efficiency at Low Light Levels Photon measurements: June 2012 low-light energy production vs. conventional panels SunPower Panels Conventional Panels SunPower Panels Vs. Different Conventional Panels1 105% 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 100W 1kW Cloudy Sunny Photon: “The device has a nearly straight efficiency curve with almost no change in the medium-to-high irradiance range and only a minimal drop at low irradiance levels. No other module tested thus far has such an efficiency curve.”1 1 Photon InternationalJune 2012
Broad Spectral Response • SunPower Cells capture more light from the blue and infra-red parts of the spectrum, enabling higher energy production in overcast (or around noon) and low-light conditions . • Red-shifted sunlight occurs every morning and evening (the sunset colors), so a SunPower system starts earlier and stays on longer. Spectrum SunPower Cell Conventional Cell 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% AM 1.5 Global Spectrum 0% 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 Wavelength, Microns
Photon Results (kWh/kWflashed) as of November 2012 • 3rd party test of 114 PV Manufacturers to measure the additional energy per rated Watt • SunPower E-Series ranked #1 with the most energy per rated Watt out of all of the 300+ panels • SunPower averages 8% more energy per rated Watt compared with the other top 10 panel manufacturers in the study1 Energy production per Wp (flash test data) 1,150 1100 Production (kWh / kWflashed ) 8% more Energy 1050 1000 1 Photon International (Jan. 2013), based on 2011 MW Shipments 950 SunPower Suntech First Solar Kyocera Canadian Solar Sharp Solar Yingli Trina Solar Hanwha SolarOne Jinko Solar
Summary of E-Series Energy Comparisons Year-One Energy Production 25-Year Energy Production Same Rated Watts1 Same Rated Watts2 16% MORE ENERGY Maintains High Power at High Temps 8% more Year 1 SUNPOWER No Light-Induced Degradation 25% more Year 25 ENERGY PRODUCTION PER WATT ENERGY PRODUCTION PER WATT Higher Average Watts Better Low-Light and Spectral Response CONVENTIONAL High-Performance Anti-Reflective Glass YEARS Same Physical Size3 54% 1 BEW Engineering, part of DNV KEMA, SunPower Yield Report, Jan 2013. 2 0.25%/yr SunPower degradation vs. 0.75%/yr Conventional. 3 327W SunPower vs. 240W Conventional. MORE ENERGY 50% more Year 1 SUNPOWER ENERGY PRODUCTION PER ROOF 66% more Year 25 CONVENTIONAL YEARS
SunPower® Solar PanelsReliability,Production,Efficiency February 2013