1 / 75

Presented by: Scott Wallace, P.E. Mark Liner, P.E. Scott.Wallace@naturallywallace

Treatment Wetlands for the Oil & Gas Industry. Presented by: Scott Wallace, P.E. Mark Liner, P.E. Scott.Wallace@naturallywallace.com (612) 802-2329 Mark.Liner@naturallywallace.com (651) 269-8201. References for Industrial Wetland Design. Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF)

thanos
Download Presentation

Presented by: Scott Wallace, P.E. Mark Liner, P.E. Scott.Wallace@naturallywallace

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Treatment Wetlands for the Oil & Gas Industry Presented by: Scott Wallace, P.E. Mark Liner, P.E. Scott.Wallace@naturallywallace.com (612) 802-2329 Mark.Liner@naturallywallace.com (651) 269-8201

  2. References for Industrial Wetland Design • Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) • Small Scale Constructed Wetland Systems (Wallace & Knight, 2006) • Treatment Wetlands 2nd Edition • (Kadlec & Wallace, 2009)

  3. Recent Industrial Wetland Examples • BP, Casper Wyoming Refinery, USA • BP, Lima Ohio, USA • ARCO Wellsville New York Refinery USA • Magellan Pipeline, (Watertown, South Dakota) USA • El Paso Energy (El Dorado, Kansas) USA • Buffalo-Niagara International Airport, USA • Heathrow Airport, London UK • Edmonton Airport, Alberta, Canada • Occidental Petroleum, Cano Limon, Colombia • Rosebel Gold Mine, Suriname • AIMC Gold Mine, Azerbaijan

  4. Industries Using Wetlands • Oil & Gas (upstream & downstream) • Chemical Manufacturing • Landfills • Mining • Food Processing • Airports

  5. Types of Treatment Wetlands • Surface Flow (SF) • Horizontal Subsurface Flow (HSSF) • Vertical Flow (VF) • Sludge Dewatering Reed Beds • Intensified Wetlands • Aerated (cold climates) • fill-and-drain (warm climates) • reactive media (ammonia, phosphorus, etc) • industrial wastewaters

  6. Surface Flow Wetlands Kadlec & Wallace, 2008

  7. Surface Flow Wetlands Champion Paper, Pensacola Florida

  8. Horizontal Subsurface Flow Wetlands Wallace & Knight, 2006

  9. Horizontal Subsurface Flow Wetland Wildflower Meadows: 90-person treatment system

  10. Vertical Flow Wetland IWA, 2000

  11. Vertical Flow Wetland Rousillon, France

  12. Sludge Dewatering Reed Bed Skovby, Denmark: 8000-person treatment wetland Kadlec & Wallace, 2008

  13. Main Treatment Mechanisms • Adsorption of dissolved-phase hydrocarbons • Contaminant retention time much greater than hydraulic retention time • Microbial degradation of organic compounds • Settling of particulate compounds • Oxidation and reduction of nitrogen compounds • Precipitation of metals • Use of intensification methods (aeration and reactive medias to accelerate treatment)

  14. Large-Scale Wetland Hydraulics

  15. Treatment Wetland Design Basis • Tanks-in-series, N typically ranges from 3 to 6 • Value of N is different for reactive chemicals vs. tracers • Spatial variability of biodegradation rate represented by P • Important for complex organic chemistries (such as produced waters

  16. Wetland Water Balance • Sum of water entering and exiting the wetland from all sources Kadlec & Knight, 1996

  17. Climate Range of Treatment Wetlands Wellsville, New York Northern Sahara, Libya

  18. Wetland Energy Balance • Sum of energy gains and losses from all sources Kadlec & Knight, 1996

  19. Water Balance and Energy Balance are Closely Inter-related • Warm arid climates  large water losses due to ET • Monsoon climates  large water gains in the rainy season • Cold climates  ice formation

  20. Wetland Plants Kadlec & Wallace, 2009

  21. Role of Plants in Treatment Wetlands • Surface area for attached growth of bacteria • Shade the water column (reduced algae) • Minimize mixing effects in open-water systems • Increased microbial diversity • Oxygen transport through roots (small effect)

  22. Wetland Plant Selection Wallace & Knight, 2009

  23. Natural vs. Mechanical Systems Energy and O&M Needs LEAST MOST Mechanical Treatment Systems Intensified Wetlands Natural Systems Area Requirements MOST LEAST

  24. Casper, Wyoming Casper

  25. BP – Casper, Wyoming Refinery • Operated 1912 to 1991 • 37,000 m3 of LNAPL recovered to date • Extensive smear zone due to river flooding • 50 to 100 years to remediate site • High mountain west: -35oC

  26. BP – Casper Wyoming Refinery

  27. Casper Reuse Plan HSSF Wetlands SF Wetlands

  28. Casper Pilot Wetland System • 4 cells • With and without insulating mulch • Vertical upward flow • With and without aeration Phytokinetics, Inc.

  29. Casper Rate Coefficients kA, m/yr, based on 3 TIS Wallace & Kadlec, 2005

  30. Full-Size System from Pilot Data Wallace & Kadlec, 2005

  31. Casper Intensified Wetland Cell

  32. Wetland Aeration System

  33. Casper System Construction

  34. Casper Wetland Construction

  35. Casper Benzene Data 2004 - 2006 Benzene effluent at Outfall 001 consistently below detection levels <0.01 mg/L

  36. Buffalo, New York Buffalo

  37. Treatability Testing • Measure glycol degradation in both warm and cold temperatures • With and without aeration

  38. Aerated rate coefficients, low temperature runs

  39. PG degradation without aeration…

  40. Comparing Treatment Effectiveness • Aerated rate coefficient: 5.30 d-1 • Non-aerated rate coefficient: 0.55 d-1 • An aerated wetland is 10X more effective in treating glycol

  41. Underground Treatment

  42. Vertical Flow with Aeration Water Level Mulch Layer Influent Line Drain Line Air Line

  43. Nutrient Addition System

More Related