Document Design Principles

1. Document Design Principles Dr. Jonathan ArnettWRIT 3140

2. Four General Principles Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast

3. Four General Principles Proximity • put related elements close together Alignment • arrange elements on a grid Repetition • always put the same elements in the same places Contrast • make sure elements don’t blend into each other

4. Four General Principles Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast

5. Four General Principles Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast

6. Four General Principles Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast

7. Four General Principles Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast

8. Four General Principles Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast

9. Four General Principles Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast

10. Four General Principles Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast

11. Four General Principles Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast

12. Four General Principles Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast

13. Four General Principles Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast

14. Four General Principles Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast

15. Four General Principles Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast

16. Page-Level Principles Paper size Margins Page numbering Headers/footers Block/indentation Page breaks

17. Page-Level Principles Paper size Margins Page numbering Headers/footers Block/indentation Page breaks Letter: 8.5” x 11” 216 mm x 279 mm A4: 210 mm x 297 mm 8.27” x 11.69” “Letter” paper is 6 mm wider and 18 mm shorter than A4 paper. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-paper.html

18. Paper Size: Letter

19. Paper Size: A4

20. Paper Size: Aspect Ratios http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_size

21. Paper Size: Aspect Ratios ANSI D A1 ANSI C A2 A3 ANSI B A4 ANSI A

22. Page-Level Principles Paper size Margins Page numbering Headers/footers Block/indentation Page breaks The default margins for MS Word 2003 and earlier are… Top: 1 inchLeft: 1.25 inchRight: 1.25 inchBottom: 1 inch

23. Page-Level Principles Paper size Margins Page numbering Headers/footers Block/indentation Page breaks The default margins for MS Word 2007 and 2010 are… Top: 1 inchLeft: 1 inchRight: 1 inchBottom: 1 inch

24. Margins old default margins new default margins half-inchmargins

25. Page-Level Principles Paper size Margins Page numbering Headers/footers Block/indentation Page breaks Page numbers must appear on all multi-page documents. • Put the number in the upper right, lower right, or lower middle of the page. • Never* number the first page. *Almost never, anyway.

26. Page Numbering

27. Page-Level Principles Paper size Margins Page numbering Headers/footers Block/indentation Page breaks Headers/footers help your reader navigate the document. • Always use them on multi-page documents. • Never* start them on the first page. *Almost never, anyway.

28. Running Header

29. Running Header

30. Page-Level Principles Paper size Margins Page numbering Headers/footers Block/indentation Page breaks “Block” formatting means not to indent the first line of paragraphs. • Everything you do in this class should be in block format.

31. Block/Indented Paragraphs Block format Indented format

32. Page-Level Principles Paper size Margins Page numbering Headers/footers Block/indentation Page breaks Place page breaks at logical spots: • in the middle of longer paragraphs; • after major sections. Avoid “widows” and “orphans.”

33. Page Breaks Good use of page break

34. Page Breaks Good use of page break

35. Page Breaks Bad use of page break

36. Page Breaks Bad use of page break

37. Page Breaks Bad use of page break

38. Page Breaks Bad use of page break

39. Paragraph-Level Principles Justification Line leading Spacing between paragraphs Heading hierarchies Heading spacing

40. Paragraph-Level Principles Justification Line leading Spacing between paragraphs Heading hierarchies Heading spacing “Full-justifying” a paragraph means making its sides touch the margins. • This is how major newspapers are laid out. • Unless you know exactly what you’re doing, don’t do it.

41. Justification Ragged right margin Full-justified margins

42. Justification Ragged right margin Justified margins

43. Paragraph-Level Principles Justification Line leading Spacing between paragraphs Heading hierarchies Heading spacing “Leading” is the amount of space between lines of the same paragraph. It’s pronounced “led-ding,” like the metal, or as in Led Zeppelin.

44. Line Leading Single-spaced paper 120%-spaced paper

45. Paragraph-Level Principles Justification Line leading Spacing between paragraphs Heading hierarchies Heading spacing Similar to leading, but between paragraphs. • Always adjust the spacing between paragraphs.

46. Paragraph Spacing Default paragraph spacing Adjusted paragraph spacing

47. Paragraph-Level Principles Justification Line leading Spacing between paragraphs Heading hierarchies Heading spacing Headings are “nested.” • Lower-level headings appear smaller. • Multiple lower-level headings can fit inside a higher-level heading.

48. Paragraph-Level Principles Justification Line leading Spacing between paragraphs Heading hierarchies Heading spacing

49. Paragraph-Level Principles Justification Line leading Spacing between paragraphs Heading hierarchies Heading spacing The higher the level of heading, the more space surrounds it. • As heading levels descend, so does the space around them.

50. Paragraph-Level Principles Justification Line leading Spacing between paragraphs Heading hierarchies Heading spacing