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Socialism Chapter 23-4

Socialism Chapter 23-4. Causes: Desire for a new sense of community and cooperation Increasing misery of the working class bothered liberal thinkers (Jeremy Bentham, J. S. Mill) Republicanism and capitalism seemed to promote selfishness and social fragmentation

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Socialism Chapter 23-4

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  1. SocialismChapter 23-4 Causes: • Desire for a new sense of community and cooperation • Increasing misery of the working class bothered liberal thinkers (Jeremy Bentham, J. S. Mill) • Republicanism and capitalism seemed to promote selfishness and social fragmentation • Broad support for social justice …not ‘till 19th C

  2. Early French Socialism • Early French Socialists proposed greater economic equality planned by the government AKA Utopian Socialism • Count Henri de Saint-Simon 1760-1825 • Louis Blanc 1811-1882 • Pierre Joseph Proudhon 1809-1865 • Charles Fourier 1772-1837

  3. Count Henri de Saint-SimonPositivism • Industrialism and science = a new age to Europe • Will require proper social organization: • Parasites (aristocracy, lawyers, clergy) should give way to “Doers” (scientists, industrialists, engineers) • Government should provide public works projects and investment banks • Every social institution’s main goal should be to improve the condition of the poor

  4. Louis Blanc • More practical than others • Urged workers to fight for universal male suffrage and take control of the state peacefully • Government should guarantee full employment: • Set up workshops • Set up factories • Worked with Lamartine and then part of the June Days Revolution in 1848

  5. Pierre Joseph Proudhon • Wrote What is Property? • Argued that property was profit stolen from the worker who was the source of all wealth • Considered an anarchist by many as he distrusted the power of the state

  6. Charles Fourier • Argued for a planned economy and socialist communities • Described socialist utopia in mathematical detail • Seven socialist communities were founded upon his ideas (most in U.S.) • An early supporter of total emancipation of women

  7. Christian Socialism • Began in England about 1848 • Believed that the evils of industrialism could be ended by following Christian principles • Tried to bridge the gap between anti-religious socialism and Christian social justice for workers

  8. Scientific SocialismAKA: Marxism • Developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels • 1830 The Communist Manifesto: the Bible of socialism • Intention: to replace utopian hopes and dreams with a brutal, militant blueprint for socialist working class success through the theory of Dialectical Materialism • Remember Hegel’s Dialectic?

  9. Dialectical Materialism • The economic interpretation of history: all human history is determined by economic factors (who controls the means of production and distribution) • The class struggle: Since the beginning of time there has been a class struggle between the rich and the poor (the exploiters and the exploited)

  10. Dialectical Materialism continued • Theory of surplus value: The true value of a product is labor and, since the worker receives only a small portion of his just labor price, the difference is surplus value, “stolen” from the worker by the capitalist. (like Proudham) • Socialism is inevitable: Capitalism contains the seeds of its own destruction (overproduction and underemployment)

  11. Dialectical Materialism continued • Violent Revolution: The increasing gap between proletariat and bourgeoisie will become so great that the working classes will rise up in revolution and overthrow the elite bourgeoisie • Above will result in a dictatorship of the proletariat . Working men of the world will unite

  12. Dialectical Materialism continued • A classless society will emerge as capitalism is dismantled • The new order: “From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.” • Socialism will have a huge impact on 19th century European society.

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