“Hedge Fund Activism” April 7, 2006 Stephen Fraidin

1. “Hedge Fund Activism”April 7, 2006Stephen Fraidin KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP

2. Increased Hostile Activity Surge in Hostile Activity Hostile / Unsolicited Activity as % of Total M&A Volume

3. A. Selected Factors • Hedge Funds - Over $1 Trillion • Increased Availability of Other Equity Capital • Private equity • Cheap Financing • Debt financing still relatively cheap based on historic standards • Deleveraging • Companies have accumulated cash and paid down debt - Buyers can use target’s assets to finance deal • Increased Disfavor of Takeover Defenses • Increased corporate governance initiatives have discouraged adoption

4. A. Selected Factors (cont.) • Reluctance of Boards to Reject Deals • Boards less likely to reject publicly-made premium value bids • Sarbanes-Oxley Twist • One effect is decreased risk of undisclosed accounting irregularities of Target even without due diligence • Outward Focus of Companies • After years of completing internal reviews, cleaning up balance sheet and achieving internal efficiencies, companies are more acquisitive and are looking for outward growth

5. B. Hedge Fund Activity Funds Committed to Hedge Funds (billions, approx.)

6. B. Hedge Fund Activity (cont.) Number of Hedge Funds (approx.)

7. B. Hedge Fund Activity (cont.) • Traders Mentality • Less focused on long-term value appreciation • More unspoken cross-firm communication (“conscious parallellism”) • Eye for Value and Arbitrage Opportunities • Increased Metrics-Based Analysis • Mastery of Derivative/Hedging Strategies • Flexing Muscles with M&A and Activism Opportunities • Willing to employ hostile bidding techniques (vs. many private equity firms that are expressly prohibited from hostile activity and vs. mutual funds that typically do not engage in this activity) • Competing for attention as define/distinguish themselves

8. C. Common Form Hedge Fund Tactics • Purchase “Toehold” Position in Target • Purchase quickly (usually following period of poor stock performance) • Use of derivatives to decrease actual exposure • Make filings announcing position (potential influential role) • Pressure Management for Near-Term Value Enhancing Changes • Force sales of Target or under-performing businesses • Force monetization of assets • Force distribution of excess cash to shareholders/stock buybacks • Block pending transactions

9. C. Common Form Hedge Fund Tactics (cont.) • Other Hedge Funds Accumulate Shares - Conscious Parallel Activity • Force Change of Un-Cooperative Management/Board • Request removal of takeover defenses to facilitate • Shareholder proposals • Threaten proxy fight to remove directors • Use of Press to Sway Other Shareholders to Adopt Hedge Fund’s Strategy • Note: Additional press also helps attract publicity/distinguish fund for raising of next fund General Trend: Escalation of Tactics Until Achieve Goal

10. D. Examples of Recent Activist Activity Blockbuster/Carl Icahn • Icahn (largest shareholder) objects to management of Blockbuster • Critical of failure to acquire rival Hollywood Video • Critical of CEO Antioco’s pay package and other uses of funds • Demands that greater dividends be paid to shareholders • Demands that offers for the company be duly considered • Icahn commences proxy fight • Dissident slate of directors elected • Classified board, but can take control of Board next year

11. D. Examples of Recent Activist Activity (cont.) Kerr-McGee/Carl Icahn and Jana Partners • Icahn and Jana (collectively 7.6% shareholders) want changes at Kerr-McGee: • Divest its chemical business and monetize future production • Use the proceeds to buy back stock • Icahn and Jana announce proposing slate of directors • Kerr-McGee agrees to divest chemical business and commence $4 Billion share repurchase • In exchange for agreement of Icahn and Jana to withdraw dissident slate of directors

12. D. Examples of Recent Activist Activity (cont.) Wendy’s/Pershing Square • Pershing Square (9.9% shareholder hedge fund) wants value-enhancing changes at Wendy’s: • Spin-off Tim Hortons (Canadian brand) • Refranchise several Wendy’s-owned locations • Repurchase shares with proceeds of refranchising • Avoid acquisition of Quick Service • Pershing Square Escalates Public Attention • Announces intention to make proposals • Announces retention of Blackstone to evaluate strategic transactions for Wendy’s • Files letter with rationale for proposals and requests meeting • Ongoing

13. E. Observations - Preparedness • Activism Can Come in Any Context; Most Frequently: • Following period of weak stock performance • When easily monetizable assets or large amounts of cash • In connection with transaction (either as buyer or Target) • Annual meetings or proposals to shareholders • Swarming Effect of Activist Activity When Comes • Approach companies when at weakest (undervalued/vulnerable) • Act quickly and together • Disputes are often made public

14. E. Observations – Preparedness (cont.) • Recent Transactions Have Shown Positioning is Helpful to Confront Activists: • Being prepared • Exposing activist vulnerabilities • Developing and communicating Board strategy • Legal challenges to tactics • Companies Need to Continually Monitor Vulnerability • Evaluate Corporate Governance Posture • Identify Key Constituencies/Shareholder Base • Monitor Market Sentiment • Examples: market reaction to news, press, chat rooms, etc. • Develop Communications Plan for Strategy

15. E. Observations – Preparedness (cont.) Example: Consider some Corporate vulnerabilities and develop strategy • Corporate Governance Posture has vulnerabilities to proxy fight • Non-classified board elected by plurality • Ability of stockholders to call special meeting • Ability to remove directors and act by written consent • Poison pills generally prevent stock accumulation but not proxy fights • Financial position • Recently depressed stock performance vs. market • Large pre-acquisition cash position • FY2003 and FY2004 restructurings • Large market capitalization companies and technology sector no longer immune from shareholder activism/hostile activity/hedge fund activity

16. F. Take-Aways • Significant influence of hedge funds on today’s M&A environment • Continued role of Board in determining Target’s long-term strategy • Need to review vulnerabilities and have approaches/defenses ready (particularly in transaction context) • Need to keep eye out for first signs of activity given common m.o. of escalating tactics