Hitler becomes Chancellor

1. Hitler becomes Chancellor

2. The short version - Economic Crisis • 3rd October 1929- Stresemann died. This left Germany weak without one of its most able politicians. • October 1929- The Wall Street crash. • US loans to German industries were called in, leaving industries unable to function. Many closed down, and unemployment rose dramatically. • Wages were low • People began to turn on the Weimar Republic again • People looked to more extremist groups, like the Nazis and Communists for a solution

3. Short version - The Political Crisis

4. Year Unemployed 1928 650 000 1929 1 320 000 1930 3 000 000 1931 4 350 000 1932 5 102 000 1933 6 100 000 The Depression

5. Depression • Muller’s coalition – fell apart March 1930 – couldn’t agree on how to finance national insurance for unemployment • Brüning appointed – manoeuvred in by conservative-nationalists • Plan – cut spending • Rejected by Reichstag – used Article 48

6. Chancellor Bruning-the Centre Party Remember the weakness of the Weimar Constitution-PR-He did not have a majority Had to rely on President Hindenburg-Article 48

7. §48! • Used to pass economic policy • Reichstag challenged the decree’s legality • Reichstag dissolved July 1930

8. New election September 1930 • 1928 – NS get 2.8% • 1930 – NS get 18.3% • DDP and DVP lost 20 seats • SPD vote decreased • KPD vote increased

9. Brüning’s rule • Rule by decree ‘tolerated’ by SPD • 1930 – 5 decrees • 1932 – 66 decrees • Sitting days – 94 in 1930, 13 in 1932 • Did Brüning mind? • Ultra-conservative monarchist with little sympathy for republic • Wanted to weaken Reichstag and get authoritarian constitution

10. The fall of Brüning • Economic policy led to reduced demand – slump worse • Mass rally Oct 31 to denounce Brüning • Wanted to turn Junker estates in to 600 000 allotments for unemployed workers • May 32 – Hindenburg stopped signing decrees

11. Manoeuvring • Right wing conspiracy – group led by Schleicher convinces Hindenburg to force Brüning to resign in order to get a right wing govt

12. Von Papen installed • Aristocratic, and Schleicher thought he could be influenced • New cabinet of landowners and industrialists • Wanted support of NSDAP • Hitler agreed if • The ban on SA and SS was ended • There were new elections

14. July 1932 • NSDAP 37.3%, 230 seats • DDP/DVP collapse – 2.2% of vote total • 84% turnout • Only 39.5% voted for democratic parties

16. Violence! • July 1932 - 461 riots in Prussia • 10 July – 10 killed in Nazi-Communist fighting

17. Von Papen out • 12 Sept – Vote of No Confidence in Von Papen 512-42 • Reichstag dissolved • Hitler refuses to cooperate unless chancellor • Von Papen – plans martial law • Schleicher – convinces Hindenburg to get Papen to resign – didn’t have confidence of army

18. Schleicher Chancellor • Aim – split left and right wings of NSDAP • Appointed Gregor Strasser vice-chancellor • Hitler had loyalty of party leadership – forced Strasser to resign

20. Final manoeuvring • Von Papen wants office again • Convinces Hindenburg to make Hitler chancellor and he would be vice-chancellor – said Schleicher hadn’t brought stability • Said he could control Hitler

21. 30 Jan 1933

25. Why did politics become more extreme? Politicians argue who should run Germany Communist & Nazis promise to take action No Action is taken to help the unemployed! Many Germans lose their faith in Democracy Votes for the Nazis & Communist increase. Votes for the Nazis & Communist increase. No Action is taken to help the unemployed Von Papen becomes Chancellor in 1932 Papen is replaced by Schleicher later that year

26. http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/cclayton1-1588738-why-was-hitler-invited-to-become-chancellor/http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/cclayton1-1588738-why-was-hitler-invited-to-become-chancellor/