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E. INTERACTIONS WITHIN COMMUNITIES

Explore the various interactions within communities, including interspecific competition, predation, defense mechanisms, and symbiosis. Learn how different species struggle for resources, the consequences of predation, the different defense mechanisms used by organisms, and the types of symbiotic relationships that exist within ecosystems.

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E. INTERACTIONS WITHIN COMMUNITIES

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  1. E. INTERACTIONS WITHIN COMMUNITIES 1. Interspecific competition a. 2 or more species struggling for thesame resource b. both species will lose c. eg.

  2. 2. Predation a. one species kills and eats another b. the predator gains but the prey loses c. but if the predator eats too many prey, then the prey runs out & predator alsoloses

  3. n u m b e r PREY PREDATOR time d. note: there is always more of the prey the two cycles are out of synch as there is a delay in the effect as predator #’s increase, prey #’s fall; as prey #’s fall, predator #’s fall

  4. 3. Defense mechanisms a. camouflage – don’t get seen by predator OR prey eg. rabbit OR bobcat

  5. b. toxins – produce or accumulated eg. sea slug eg. Monarch butterfly

  6. c. mimicry - pretend to be toxic eg. Monarch butterfly Wings are toxic. eg. Viceroy butterfly Not toxic, but appears to be

  7. d. distractors – trick the predator in some way large eyespots distract the predator

  8. 4. Symbiosis a. mutualism- both gain eg. oxpecker& giraffe Oxpecker gets to eat insects and giraffe gets rid of parasites

  9. b. commensalism - one gains, one unaffected eg. algaeon back of turtle Algae gets a sunny perch and turtle which is already green, gets no benefit, nor any harm.

  10. c. parasitism - one gains, one loses eg. mosquitoand you The mosquito gets blood for its eggs and you lose blood and may get a disease.

  11. hoverfly rattlesnake what type of defense is this?

  12. The rattlesnake has to warn off animals so it does not have to use its TOXIN.

  13. The bee has warning colours as its sting is ‘toxic’. But the hoverfly has no sting and so it is a MIMIC.

  14. Questions D from pg 8.

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