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Perception

Perception. The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. Perception is reality!?. Gestalt Psychology. Gestalt means “an organized whole”

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Perception

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  1. Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

  2. Perception is reality!?

  3. Gestalt Psychology • Gestalt means “an organized whole” • These psychologists emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

  4. Gestalt Philosophy The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

  5. Figure-Ground Relationship • The organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

  6. Grouping • The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into groups that we understand

  7. Human Examples of Grouping

  8. Depth Perception • The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional. • Allows us to judge distance.

  9. Visual Cliff Eleanor Gibson

  10. How do we create depth perception? • Binocular Cues: depth cues that depend on two eyes • Monocular Cues: depth cues that depend on one eye

  11. Binocular Cues—two eyes! Pen together two eyes- try with one http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chvision.html • Retinal Disparity: a binocular cue for seeing depth. The closer an object comes to you the greater the disparity is between the two images. • Convergence—Another binocular cue for depth. Definition?

  12. Monocular Cues—One Eye! • Interposition: if something is blocking our view, we perceive it as closer. • Relative Size: if we know that two objects are similar in size, the one that looks smaller is farther away. • Relative Clarity: we assume hazy objects are farther away.

  13. More Monocular Cues • Texture Gradient: the coarser it looks the closer it is. • Relative Height: things higher in our field of vision, they look farther away • Relative Motion: things that are closer appear to move more quickly. • Linear Perspective: Parallel lines seem to converge with distance. • Light and Shadow: Dimmer objects appear farther away because they reflect less light.

  14. Claude Monet

  15. Perceptual Constancy • Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images changes.

  16. Perceptual Set and Expectancy • MAC DONALD • MAC HENRY • MAC MAHON • MACHINERY

  17. Perceptual Set and Expectancy Time flies I can’t they’re too fast. Time flies. I can’t. They’re too fast. CHO PHO USE

  18. Perceptual Set and Expectancy • FOLK • CROAK • SOAK • SHOP

  19. Perceptual Set and Expectancy • Perceptual rules are mostly universal—we perceive things in many of the same ways. • However there are some cultural variations in human perception. • http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/sze_muelue/index.html

  20. Some cultural differences

  21. Perceptual Set and Expectancy http://www.baddesigns.com/examples.html

  22. Perceptual Set and Expectancy • Get into a small group. • Pick a product that is not designed well. • Work like a human factors psychologist and improve the product by incorporating in our natural human tendencies and expectancies. • Share with the class.

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