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Biology 11

Biology 11. Unit 4 Investigating Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates Earth worm dissection Vertebrates Sea star Frog dissection Fetal pig dissection 4ish weeks long Last ~5 classes we’ll have our exam broken up over a couple classes

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Biology 11

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  1. Biology 11 • Unit 4 • Investigating Kingdom Animalia • Invertebrates • Earth worm dissection • Vertebrates • Sea star • Frog dissection • Fetal pig dissection • 4ish weeks long • Last ~5 classes we’ll have our exam broken up over a couple classes • There will be very little in class review – begin to prepare now • Including a lab component

  2. Kingdom Animalia

  3. Common Ancestor: Kingdom Animalia evolved from Kingdom Protista (single celled eukaryotes)

  4. The first animalia fossils appeared in South Australia. These fossils are interpreted as being early sponges. They were found in 665-million-year-old rock. Many scientists suggest that animals actually evolved up to one billion years ago.

  5. Characteristics of all Animals • Multicellular eukaryotes • Most have ‘evolved’ tissues • Heterotrophic • Most are motile • Nearly all reproduce sexually • Ex/ sponges, jellyfish, insects, humans

  6. There are ~35 animal phyla

  7. Why move? • Motility allows animals to better satisfy their basic requirements for life • Can we remember the essential tasks of life?

  8. Why heterotrophic? • Is there an evolutionary advantage? • Carnivore • Omnivore • Herbivore

  9. Animal Classification

  10. Worms, sponges, mollusks, insects

  11. Animal Classification - Symmetry • Animals have symmetry • Bilateral • Radial

  12. Invertebrate Sub Kingdoms • Phyla Include: • Sponges • Cnidarians • Worms

  13. Phylum - Sponge • Simplest form of animal • Phylum Porifera • Greek: “Pore Bearer” • Don’t move • No ‘tissues’ or organs • No nervous system

  14. How do Sponges eat & breathe? • Collar cells on the inside of central cavity trap and digest food • Bacteria/protists • Sponges get O2 by diffusion.

  15. Soft bodies have network of spikes • Made of tough material • …But food for some types of fish • Can reproduce asexually (budding) and sexually • Fertilized eggs go through a larvae stage

  16. Phylum - Cnidarians • Carnivores use stinging cells to capture prey & defend selves • Specialized tissues - no organs • More complex than sponges • Radial symmetry

  17. Phylum - Cnidarians • 2 Body Types • Polyp • Vase with a mouth at the top • Medusa • Bowl shaped

  18. Cnidarians - Examples • Jellyfish • Hydras • Sea Anemones • Coral

  19. Cnidarians - Digestion • Capture prey using stinging cells to inject venom - paralyzes prey • Pull prey into mouth, digest in body cavity digestive system: 1 opening - expel food from mouths also.

  20. Cnidarians - Reproduction • Asexually by budding & sexually • Some have both sexes within 1 individual others in separate individuals • Examples include jellyfish, sea anemones and coral.

  21. Worms - 3 phyla • Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) • Roundworms (Nematoda) • Segmented worms (Annelida)

  22. All Worms… • Have tissues, organs and organ systems • Have bilateral symmetry • Have a brain • Reproduce both sexually and asexually • Can replace parts by a process called regeneration

  23. Flatworms • Parasites - food from their host • Ex. tapeworms • Those that are not parasites are scavengers - feed off the remains of dead organisms • Feed by inserting a tube into food which secretes chemicals to break down the food • They then suck it through the tube

  24. Roundworms • Live in moist environments • Some are herbivores, some carnivores, some parasites • Worms that dogs and cats get are parasites • The digestive system is 1 long tube where food goes in 1 end and waste exits at the other end

  25. Segmented Worms • Have linked sections called segments • Scavengers - earthworm • Parasites - leeches • Closed circulatory system - blood moves through system via vessels • Nerve cords and digestive tube run through their bodies

  26. Take Home Points • Animals evolved from Protists • Animals have certain characteristics • We are dividing the Animal kingdom into two categories • Invertebrates (most of the animal kingdom) • Porifera • Cnidarians • Worms  3 phyla • Vertebrates (small part of animal kingdom)

  27. Shape of Life - Origins • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqjF7ZYkHp4

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