Jamestown to Georgia?

2. Jamestown to Georgia?

3. Three distinct regions: New England: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, & Connecticut Middle: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, & Delaware Southern: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, & Georgia

4. New England • Colonies- Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode IslandClimate/Geography – Colonists in the New England colonies endured bitterly cold winters and mild summers. Land was flat close to the coastline but became hilly and mountainous farther inland. Soil was generally rocky, making farming difficult. Cold winters reduced the spread of disease.

5. Religion – • The New England colonies were dominated by the Puritans, reformers seeking to “purify” Christianity, who came over from England to practice religion without persecution. Puritans followed strict rules and were intolerant of other religions, eventually absorbing the separatist Pilgrims in Massachusetts by 1629. Life in New England was dominated by church, and there were severe consequences for those who failed to attend, or, those who spoke out against the Puritan ways. Singing and celebrating holidays were among things prohibited in Puritan New England.

6. Economy – • New England’s economy was largely dependent on the ocean. Fishing (especially codfish) was most important to the New England economy, though whaling, trapping, shipbuilding, and logging were important also. Eventually, many New England shippers grew wealthy buying slaves from West Africa in return for rum, and selling the slaves to the West Indies in return for molasses. This process was called the “triangular trade.”

7. Middle colonies • Colonies- New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, DelawareClimate/Geography – The Middle colonies spanned the Mid-Atlantic region of America and were temperate in climate with warm summers and cold winters. Geography ranged from coastal plains along the coastline, piedmont (rolling hills) in the middle, and mountains farther inland. This area had good coastal harbors for shipping. Climate and land were ideal for agriculture. These colonies were known as the “breadbasket” because of the large amounts of barley, wheat, oats, and rye that were grown here.

8. Religion – • Religion in the Middle Colonies was varied as no single religion seemed to dominate the entire region. Religious tolerance attracted immigrants from a wide-range of foreign countries who practiced many different religions. Quakers, Catholics, Jews, Lutherans and Presbyterians were among those religious groups that had significant numbers in the middle colonies.

9. Economy – • The Middle Colonies enjoyed a successful and diverse economy. Largely agricultural, farms in this region grew numerous kinds of crops, most notably grains and oats. Logging, shipbuilding, textiles production, and papermaking were also important in the Middle Colonies. Big cities such as Philadelphia and New York were major shipping hubs, and craftsmen such as blacksmiths, silversmiths, cobblers, wheelwrights, wigmakers, milliners, and others contributed to the economies of such cities.

10. Southern Colonies • Colonies- Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, GeorgiaClimate/Geography – The Southern Colonies enjoyed warm climate with hot summers and mild winters. Geography ranged from coastal plains in the east to piedmont farther inland. The westernmost regions were mountainous. The soil was perfect for farming and the growing season was longer than in any other region. Hot summers, however, propagated diseases such as malaria and yellow fever.

11. Religion – • Most people in the Southern Colonies were Anglican (Baptist or Presbyterian), though most of the original settlers from the Maryland colony were Catholic, as Lord Baltimore founded it as a refuge for English Catholics. Religion did not have the same impact on communities as in the New England colonies or the Mid-Atlantic colonies because people lived on plantations that were often distant and spread out from one another.

12. Economy – • The Southern economy was almost entirely based on farming. Rice, indigo, tobacco, sugarcane, and cotton were cash crops. Crops were grown on large plantations where slaves and indentured servants worked the land. In fact, Charleston, South Carolina became one of the centers of the American slave trade in the 1700′s.

13. Georgia & Oglethorpe • Wanted to establish a colony for • debtors • Prisons were dirty, full of disease\ • Oglethorpe had a friend who died in • Prison • Charter established with 3 main goals • Help economy: colony could produce • goods like silk, cotton dyes, and wine that • England usually needed to import • Protection against the Spanish • Charity for England’s imprisoned • debtors (no prisoners were selected) • Many also believed Protestant missionaries • could convert Native Americans in the • region to Christianity

14. Trustee Georgia, 1732-1752 • Charter of 1732 • Ruled by Trustees for 21 • years: people with responsibility on behalf of others • Trustees could not own land or hold office • No Catholics were allowed • No lawyers allowed • Common Council made decisions

15. Coming to America • Trustees selected people to settle Georgia through application process. • Promised 50 acres of land (rent free for 10 years) • Required to defend the colony against hostile enemies • Not allowed to sell their land/borrow against it (allowed to give to male heir • Required to grow mulberry trees • Required to obey all rules established by Trustees • No slaves • No liquor

16. Savannah, Tomochichi, and the Musgroves • The ship Ann arrived in South Carolina 1733 • Close to Savannah river, Oglethorpe selected location called Yamacraw Bluff (access to fresh water/high ground) • John & Mary Musgrove acted as interpreters for Oglethorpe and the Yamacraw tribe chief, Tomochichi • Savannah: Each male settler recvd 5 acres for garden and 45 acres for farming • Fort Argyle on Ogeeche River and Fort Thunderbolt on Augustine Creek

17. What do you remember about….the settlement of Georgia??? • 1. The father of the colony of Georgia was __________________________. • 2. King George II granted permission to establish the colony of Georgia in the year __________. • 3. According to Georgia’s charter, the three purposes of the colony were • ______________-___________________-_________________________. • 4. Georgia’s first 114 colonists sailed from England on a ship called the _________. • 5. The original name for the settlement of Savannah was ________________________. • 6. The chief of the local Yamacraw Indians was _______________________. • 7. Oglethorpe’s female assistant and interpretor was ___________________. • 8. Georgia was governed by twenty-one businessmen and leaders called _________________.

18. New Charter Boundaries • From the Savannah River to the Altamaha River (near Hazelburst, GA.) • From the Atlantic to the Pacific

19. The Trustee Period • 1733-1752 • New Immigrants: • Jewish (Dr. Samuel Nunis) Jerusalem Evangelical Lutheran Church • Salzburgers(German Lutherans) • Est. Ebenezer “Rock of Help” • 25 miles from Savannah • Then, New Ebenezer • http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/stone_of_help • built the first saw mill in Georgia • first orphanage in Georgia • first rice and grist mill in Georgia • http://gadoodles.com/images/History/GreshamsMill.htm • the first Sunday School • first Church of any denomination

20. The Trustee Period • Highland Scots • World’s finest fighting soldiers • Est. Darien • Good relations with Indians: clans, • fearless fighters, women were • well-trained fighters • Presbyterians

21. Other Important Information • John Wesley, the great founder of Methodism,came as a missionary. Contact with Moravian settlers. • Salzburgers & Highland Scots were opposed to slavery and supported Oglethorpe • Savannah was made up of Parishes (having its own church and a priest or pastor.): In 1758, the province of Georgia was divided into eight parishes, plus another four added in 1765

22. Oglethorpe’s Trip to England • Oglethorpe presented Tomochichi and his nephew • Toonahowi to King George II and the Georgie Trustees • The trip strengthened relations between the natives and British • Rules of 1735: no rum, restricted trade with natives, no slavery

23. The “Malcontents” • Many settlers became unhappy with Georgia’s policies, particularly the rules against slavery and land ownership. They were so troublesome to the Trustees that they were called the malcontents (because they were discontent with life in Georgia). • Scottish settlers Patrick Tailfer and Thomas Stephens led the group • A State of the Province of Georgia. VsA True and Historical Narrative of the Colony of Georgia. • http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/daily_life_in_georgia

24. Conflict with Spain British built a fort on St. John’s Island (claimed by Spanish) to protect settlement of Frederica War of Jenkin’s Ear “Battle of Bloody Marsh” on St. Simon’s stopped the Spanish advance

26. Bloody Marsh Today

27. Georgia Divided • Trustees divided Georgia into 2 counties • Williams Stephens governed from Savannah • Oglethorpe governed from Frederica • 1743 Oglethorpe went to England to give his account of War and never returned to GA. • Stephens became president of entire colony • He ignored trustees’ regulations (1750 slavery was officially allowed) • Rice became cash crop (crop raised in large amounts worth lots of $$$) • Plantation system began • 1752 trustees surrendered their charter a year early

28. Georgia as a Royal Colony John Reynolds, GA. first royal governor 1754-1757 • Bicameral assembly (two houses): • Lower house called the Commons House of • Assembly • Upper house called Governor’s Council • Only white males landowners could vote or hold office. • Est. representative govn’t where colonists • would have some say in running colony. • King’s direct representative • Est. court system • Ineffective leader

29. Georgia as Royal colony • James Wright (1760-1776) • Longest ruling royal governor • Acquired new lands (6 million acres) all the way to the Mississippi River from Cherokee and Creek • Granted colonist right to own more land • Attracted more settlers to region • Henry Ellis (1757-1760) • Better leader than Reynolds • Tried to abolish slavery (failed) • Est. good relations with Creeks

30. Georgia...Then & Now

31. Let’s review…. What were some major goods of the Georgia colony? Why did German Salzburgers come to Georgia? Where did the Salzburgers first settle? The Salzburgers moved from their original settlement because…

32. Resources http://spotlightonmusic.macmillanmh.com/assets/extras/0001/4388/mu08_graphorg_flow.pdf