Lesson 2 The Thesis Sentence

1. Lesson 2 The Thesis Sentence

2. A thesis sentence is… A single declaratory sentence that “answers” the prompt with a clearly and simply stated opinion. **A good thesis never restates the prompt!**

3. The thesis sentence is the most important sentence in any essay. • It must be: • clear, • properly structured, • and in the correct place.

4. Tip #1 • After reading the whole prompt, marking the verbs and conjunctions, and sketching out how you intend to proceed… • Answer the prompt in a simple sentence. • For example-DBQ Prompt: • How successful was organized labor in improving the position of workers in the period from 1875 to 1900? Analyze the factors that contributed to the level of success achieved.

5. Tip #1 (continued) What questions should you ask about this prompt? ? - Was the time period 1875 to 1900 a period of labor success? OR ? - Was it a time of extreme hardship and struggle for organized labor? YOUR OPINION IS ESSENTIAL!…and it must be clear… So…

6. Tip #1 (continued) If you think that this time period was not a period of labor success… Write a simple statement that answers the prompt with your opinion. Like this… The last 30 years of the 1900s nearly destroyed organized labor. OR… These years were a period of extreme struggle for organized labor.

7. Tip # 1 (continued) • It’s extremely important to get your thinking clearly into a simple “answer” to the prompt. • Do NOT restate the wording of the prompt. • Rather than saying…“the time period 1875 to 1900”, say… • “the last decades of the 19th century” or • “the three decades following the Civil War.” • Rather than saying…“organized labor”, say… • “labor unions”

8. Tip #2 • Now that you know your opinion, you need to write a sentence that is both complex and specific. • One way of doing this is to begin your thesis sentence with the word “although.” • This may seem odd, but recent AP grading rubrics award high scores only to essays that “address the complexity of the question.”

9. Tip #2 (continued) One of the easiest ways of doing this is to write a sentence that looks like this: Although the last decades of the 19th century were periods of intense labor organization, they nearly destroyed the labor unions. OR… Although the post-Civil War period saw increased labor organization, it was also a time of government persecution of labor unions.

10. Synonyms for “although” Admitting Albeit Despite Notwithstanding Still Though Whereas

11. Tip # 2 (continued) • Writing this kind of thesis sentence sets you up from the very beginning to acknowledge the “complexity” in the essay prompt. • Your opinion, your “answer” to the prompt, goes in the second half of the thesis sentence. This is the point you are going to make, the destination at which you want the reader to arrive.

12. Tip #3 • Having written your thesis sentence, you are ready to put it into your essay introduction. • For most AP U.S. History essays, an introduction “paragraph” may only be two or three sentences in length. • The thesis sentence should be the last sentence in your introduction paragraph. • Take a step back from your thesis and write a general sentence that introduces the topic.

13. Tip #3 (continued) The general topic of this prompt is organized labor Using one of the earlier thesis sentences, the introduction might look like this: Labor unions had existed in America since the early days of industrialization and had grown in number prior to the Civil War. Although the post-Civil War period saw increased labor organization, it was also a time of government persecution of labor unions.

14. Tip #3 (continued) • Current AP essay rubrics award high scores to essays that: • has a “clear, well-develop thesis” • is “focused on the prompt” • “guides the essay throughout.” • By clearly “answering the prompt with your opinion, writing a great thesis sentence, and putting it at the beginning of your essay, you do as much in two sentences and you can do to get yourself off to a great start.

15. Lesson 2 Summary • A thesis is a single declarative sentence that “answers” the prompt with your opinion. • The thesis must address the complexity in any prompt. • The thesis must be the last sentence in the introduction paragraph. • One way of accomplishing all of this is to begin your thesis with the word “although.”

16. YOUR TURN: • Analyze the prompt and determine what it is the question is asking you to do…follow the understanding the essay steps. • Write a thesis sentence. • Write an introductory paragraph with the thesis sentence. • List your points you will be covering in the essay. • Essay Prompt: • Assess the validity of this statement, “The Era of Good Feeling was a time of increased nationalism and prosperity for the nation; however, debates over several important issues created a crack in the outward appearance of harmony during President Monroe's two terms”.

17. In contrast to the time period immediately following the drafting of The Constitution, the decade after the War of 1812 seemed to create a more unified, patriotic and prosperous nation. The triumph of the War of 1812, industrialization, and increased westward expansion exemplified the nationalistic feelings of the times. Despite the prevailing “Era of Good Feelings”, heated disputes over foreign policy, sectional issues, internal domestic improvements, and policies and practices of the National Bank illustrated the fractures in our idealistic façade under Monroe’s leadership.