Habits of Bad Listeners?

1. Habits of Bad Listeners? • Interrupting • Not looking at you • Doing something else • Finishing your thoughts • Not responding appropriately • Saying, “Yes, but…” to • Asking too many questions • Topping your story

2. Are You a Good Listener? Pg. 83 Good Listener Poor Listener • 112-125 Outstanding • 87-111 Good • 63-86 Adequate • 0-62 Poor

3. Listening and Critical Thinking Chapter 4:

4. Hearing vs Listening • Hearing is simply a physical process which occurs when sound waves hit the eardrum and transmit stimuli to the brain. • Listening is the process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to a spoken and/or nonverbal message. • Listening is an active process, whereas hearing is simply passive.

5. Types of Listening • Discriminative Listening: Identify • the physical ability to accurately distinguish auditory and/or visual stimuli • Did you “catch the cue” or “pick up on the details” • Comprehensive Listening: Understand • The ability to accurately understand the meaning of spoken and nonverbal messages • Empathic Listening: Feel • The ability to understand and identify with another person’s feelings of experiences • Analytical listening: Reason • The ability to evaluate another person’s message objectively • Appreciative listening: Like • The ability to take pleasure in another person’s message.

6. A Woman Entered a Taxi…A study in Serial Listening (communication)

7. Upon entering a taxi, which is a public carrier, Mrs. Johns noticed a purse lying in the corner of the seat. Inside was a roll of bills and some smaller change. Mrs. Johns told the taxi driver who said he didn’t know whose it was, but that he would turn it in at the office. They advertised it in the paper for a week and then held it for one year without anyone claiming it. There was $1200 in the purse. Mrs. Johns claims that because she found it in a public carrier, the purse should be hers. The taxi company claims the purse is theirs because it was in their taxi.

8. Retention • Residual Message: • We only remember 50% of what we hear immediately after hearing it. • Short Term Memory • Long Term Memory • Working Memory

9. Things to Consider

10. Consider… Listening Strategies • Utilize Thought Speed • Think 4-5 times faster than we speak • Listen to Nonverbal Behavior as well as Verbal Behavior • Listen to Feedback • Listen Before you Leap • Count to 10

11. Consider…Listening Strategies • Paraphrase • Restating what people say in a way that indicates you understand them • Ensures comprehension • Reassures other person you are trying to understand them • Clears up confusion • Helps others understand their own thoughts and feelings • Give Feedback • Evaluative: makes an assessment; opinion; • Non-Evaluative: shows support, encourages additional information; • Listen Physically • Adopt an open posture • Maintain comfortable eye contact • Lean slightly forward • Face the person • Minimize Distractions

12. Consider…Notes as a Listening Tool • People who take notes remember more than those who don’t take notes • Taking too many notes though can actually hurt your ability to understand and remember information • Effective listeners adjust their note-taking style so that it reflects the speaker’s style and organizational pattern.

13. Consider…Listen to Yourself • Have I listened appropriately? • What did you say? • Can you repeat that? • What is the other person feeling not just saying? • What are the likely consequences of saying what I want to say? • Will it help or hurt them? (5 year old conversation) • Is it constructive? • What should I say to ensure that I am understood? • Photogenic story

14. Consider…Gender Differences MEN WOMEN Relationship Oriented Respond to the Mood Use empathic and appreciative listening Provide more feedback See listening as a way to do something for the other person • Content oriented • Hear Facts • Use comprehensive and analytical listening • Short and Sweet • Shortest path from A – B • See listening as a way to solve a problem

15. Do You Remember?

16. Knowledge What are the benefits of paraphrasing?

17. Application: Paraphrasing • Restate information in a way which shows you understand not only meaning but also feelings. • Use New Words • Include a request for confirmation • Going back to school is just too hard. I have an 8 am class. I live 30 miles away and I must drive against traffic to get here. In addition to that, I have to get three children up, dressed, and drop them off at daycare before I leave.

18. Fill-in-the-blank • Hearing is a __________________ process whereas Listening is a ___________________ process. • The _______________ ________________ differential explains that we can think at about 500-600 wpm and can only speak at around 140 wpm. • The_________________ listening style is our ability to “like” or take pleasure in another person’s communication. • The ___________________ listening style is our physical ability to distinguish certain visual or auditory stimuli. To “pick up on the cues.”

19. Application • Be able to apply the following listening styles to a scenario. • Comprehensive • Discriminative • Appreciative • Analytical • Empathic

20. Short Answer • List four differences in men’s vs women’s listening styles.

21. Critical Thinking

22. Critical Thinking • the process you use to analyze what you read, see, or hear to arrive at a justified conclusion or decision • Three Critical Components in Critical Thinking • Listen for Facts versus Inferences • Listen for Solid Arguments • Listen for Fallacies in Arguments

23. Fact vs Inference • Fact: statement that can be proved true or false; backed up by verifiable date • Inference: a conclusion based on a fact; an assumption (pg. 79)

24. Solid Arguments Toulmin Model Do You Remember? List the six steps inorder • 1.____________ • 2.____________ • 3.____________ • 4.____________ • 5.____________ • 6.____________

25. Faulty Reasoning: • What is faulty reasoning? Also known as fallacies of arguments.

26. Fallacies of Argument Fallacy • Attack the Person • Appeal to Authority • Appeal to Popularity • Appeal to Tradition • Faulty Cause • Hasty Generalization

27. Fallacies of Argument Fallacy Match the Fallacy Because I stepped on the white lines, my baseball team lost. You should vote for a Democrat because our family has always voted for the Democrat. Everybody else has an IPhone so I should too. Olympic athletes eat Wheaties so it must be a good cereal. How can he stand for family values, he doesn’t even have any kids. Once my friend had a bad experience with a Dell computer so they must be lousy brand. • Attack the Person • Appeal to Authority • Appeal to Popularity • Appeal to Tradition • Faulty Cause • Hasty Generalization

28. In Conclusion… • Effective listening is a learned skill that takes a lot of time, practice, and patience. • If we use effective listening strategies , pay attention to gender and cultural differences, and utilize critical thinking skills, we can improve our effectiveness as a listener.